Abstract: 109 germplasm materials of Camellia oleifera Abel in the main producing areas were analyzed using inter simple sequence repeat markers（ISSR） and Unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means （UPGMA） cluster analysis method to study the genetic correlation coefficient and genetic relationship, and constructe the phylogenetic relationship. The result showed that, （1） 23 primers with clear and stable bands were screened from 49 ISSR primers, and 487 bands were amplified by the 23 primers, of which 335 bands were polymorphic,and the polymorphic bands ratio was 68.79%.（2） NTSYS2.10e software was used to cluster the amplified results by UPGMA method; and the genetic similarity coefficients of 109 C. oleifera germplasm materials were from 0.61 to 0.93. （3） The germplasm resources of C. oleifera were rich. When the genetic similarity coefficient was 0.735, the 109 C. oleifera germplasm materials could be divided into 11 groups. The group I includes 79 germplasm materials, which can be divided into 7 sub groups at the similarity coefficient of 0.75, and the genetic relationship among these C. oleifera germplasm materials is closer. However, the genetic background of these C. oleifera germplasm materials is complex and rich in genetic diversity. The analysis results can provide theoretical basis for germplasm resources development, genetic resources conservation, late variety certification and identification in C. oleifera major producing areas.

Key words: Camellia oleifera Abel., germplasm accessions, inter simple sequence repeat, genetic diversity