Abstract: New strains and varieties of early maturing machine-harvested cotton（Gossypium spp） were screened and identified to ensure the stable improvement of cotton quality and yield. Nine test areas were set up and eight early maturing cotton varieties were selected for a regional comparative test. The results showed that the whole growth period of the strain was 120.2~123.1 d,and the standard deviation was ±1.0 d. The comprehensive ranking of agronomic traits of A2 was the best. The yield per unit area of seed cotton, lint cotton and lint cotton before frost of A2 was better than that of other varieties, which increased by 11.2%, 12.9% and 13.3% compared with the control, respectively. The variance analysis and t test reached an extremely significant level. The lint yield of 8 varieties ranked as A2>A4>A7>A5>A8>A1>A3>A6. The comprehensive evaluation of fiber quality reached the standard of high quality cotton type II, and the comprehensive ranking of fiber quality was A3>A1>A6>A8>A7>A5>A2>A4. A2 had strong regional adaptability, the uniformity of the boll opening period was the best, and the yield increased significantly compared with the control. The adaptability of other varieties to regional environment was uneven. That is, they had obvious selectivity to environmental meteorological conditions. The order of adaptability of varieties to environmental temperature from strong to weak was A2>A4>A7>A3>A1>A8>A5>A6.

Key words: machine-harvested cotton（Gossypium spp）, screening, region, test, Northern Xinjiang