Abstract: By collecting data, the changes of China’s food production and consumption system from 1961 to 2018 were analyzed, and the trend rules of the production and consumption system were summarized. According to the characteristics of this change, the current safety situation and future trend of food supply in China were discussed. The results showed that with the improvement of the living standard of Chinese residents, the proportion of plant food in the annual production and consumption of Chinese residents decreased slightly, but it still accounted for 88.33% of food production and 88.58% of food consumption in 2018. The proportion of animal food production and consumption increased as a whole, production increased from 3.19% in 1961 to 11.01% in 2018, and consumption increased from 3.19% in 1961 to 10.67% in 2018. The diet structure gradually tended to diversify. In terms of supply safety, the self-sufficiency rate of grain exceeded 95%, but the structural contradiction of food types was still prominent, and the import of beans, nuts, milk and aquatic products was in high demand. In the context of the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents （2016）, except for milk, the per capita food production of Chinese residents could fully meet all food needs in 2018. Finally, some suggestions for ensuring the safety of food supply were put forward from the aspects of production technology, production structure, agricultural policy and dietary pattern.

Key words: food production, food consumption, interannual change, characteristic, food supply safety, dietary structure