Table of Content

25 November 2023, Volume 62 Issue 11

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Breeding & Cultivation

Breeding and direct seeding cultivation techniques of Runfengxiangzhan, a high quality aromatic rice reaching the ministry standard first-class

DU Xue-shu, LI Jin-bo, XIA Ming-yuan, WAN Bing-liang, QI Hua-xiong, YANG Da-bing, HU Liang, DING Xin-tao, HU Ding-zhe

2023, 62(11):  1-4.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.11.001

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Runfengxiangzhan is a new high-quality conventional rice variety bred by hybridization of Xiadao No.1, Huarun No.2 and R825. It was approved by the Crop Variety Approval Committee of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in 2022. The variety had high yield, good rice quality, rich aroma, good taste, and good resistance to rice blast and bacterial blight. According to the characteristics of the variety, it was considered that the variety was suitable for various cultivation methods. In cultivation, it should be sown in time, appropriately increase the amount of sowing, control nitrogen and increase potassium, and improve lodging resistance.

Effects of cultivation methods on yield and economic benefit of different varieties of rice

LI Yu-wei, HUANG Zhi-mou, YANG Han, QU He-pin, QUAN Wen-bo, QIN Xiao-yin, LI Zhong-zheng

2023, 62(11):  5-10.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.11.002

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Three rice varieties（Fudao 99, Huaxiaxiangsi and Huanghuazhan） with four cultivation methods（manual direct seeding, aerial vehicle direct seeding, artificial seedling throwing and machine transplanted seedlings） were set to study the effects of cultivation methods on the yield and economic benefit of different rice varieties. The results showed that the theoretical and actual yield of Fudao 99 were higher than those of Huaxiaxiangsi and Huanghuazhan, which were 10 957.09 and 8 315.82 kg/hm², respectively, and it was suitable for large-scale planting in Xianning City. The yield and economic benefit of rice under aerial vehicle direct seeding and manual direct seeding cultivation methods were higher than those of artificial seedling throwing and machine transplanted seedlings, and compared to manual direct seeding, aircraft direct seeding saved time and labor. Therefore, from a light and simplified cultivation perspective, the aerial vehicle direct seeding method could be promoted in Xianning City.

Effect of different nitrogen application rates on cotton-wheat rotation production under straw returning conditions

YAN Zhen-hua, ZHAO Shu-qi, ZHANG Hua-chong, HUANG Xiao-li, DAI Bao-sheng, ZHANG Xin, LI Wei, TONG Rui-jin

2023, 62(11):  11-15.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.11.003

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In order to study how to reduce nitrogen fertilizer input and improve the comprehensive benefits of cotton fields under the dual cropping system of cotton （Gossypium spp.） and wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） rotation in the cotton region of the Yangtze River Basin, five nitrogen fertilizer dosage treatments were set up in the experiment, which were low nitrogen （N1,50% of N3）, relative low nitrogen（N2,75% of N3）, medium nitrogen（N3, pure nitrogen in the cotton season and wheat season were 180.0 and 150.0 kg/hm², respectively）, high nitrogen（N4, 125% of N3） and rich nitrogen （N5, 150% of N3）. The effects of different nitrogen fertilizer application rates on the growth process, agronomic traits and yield traits of wheat and cotton and cotton fiber quality were analyzed, and the economic benefits, land use efficiency and production efficiency of different treatments were analyzed. The results showed that the total production cycle of cotton-wheat rotation was about 344 days, and it was feasible to develop cotton wheat rotation in the cotton region of the Yangtze River Basin. The effective number of ears, grains per ear and yield of wheat among different nitrogen fertilizer application rates first increased and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application rate. Based on two years of experimental results, when the nitrogen fertilizer application rate was high （N of 187.5 kg/hm²）, the yield of wheat was highest. There were significant differences in cotton plant height, number of bolls per plant, seed cotton yield, and lint yield among different nitrogen fertilizer application amounts. When the nitrogen fertilizer application amount was high nitrogen （225.0 kg/hm²）, the seed cotton yield was the highest. In the annual production of cotton and wheat, the total output, production efficiency, net profit, return rate and input-output ratio showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application, and the maximum value was reached when the fertilizer application level was high nitrogen（N4）. The total production cycle and soil utilization rate increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application amount.

Comprehensive evaluation of the main agronomic, photosynthetic characters of15sweet potatoes varieties

ZHANG Xiao-shen, ZUO Hong-juan, CAO Hui, WANG Feng

2023, 62(11):  16-19.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.11.004

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Using 15 sweet potato [Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burkill] varieties as experimental materials, the main agronomic and photosynthetic traits of 15 sweet potato varieties were studied. The grey correlation method and DTOPSIS method were used to comprehensively evaluate these agronomic and photosynthetic traits of sweet potatoes. The results showed that there were differences in these traits of sweet potatoes, with a coefficient of variation ranging from 20.15% to 76.98%. The correlation analysis showed that the leaf area of sweet potatoes was significantly positively correlated with stem diameter(P<0.05), negatively correlated with the number of branches per plant(P<0.05), and highly significantly positively correlated with the longest vine length(P<0.01); there was a significant negative correlation between chlorophyll SPAD and commodity yield(P<0.05); there was a highly significant positive correlation between stem diameter and the longest vine length(P<0.01), as well as a significant positive correlation with the number of tubers per plant(P<0.05); the longest vine length was significantly positively correlated with the number of tubers per plant(P<0.05). The order of influence of agronomic and photosynthetic traits on sweet potato yield was as follows from high to low： number of branches per plant, stem diameter, dry matter rate, commodity rate, the longest vine length, net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll SPAD value, leaf area and number of tubers per plant. The DTOPSIS method was used to comprehensively evaluate the main agronomic and photosynthetic traits of sweet potatoes. The top eight varieties in the comprehensive ranking were the same as the top eight varieties in sweet potato yield, and the order of the top two varieties was switched. The DOTPSIS method could be used as a comprehensive evaluation method for sweet potatoes, and Hami, Pushu 32, Shangshu 19, and Jishu 33 were selected as suitable for demonstration and promotion in Zhengzhou City.

Resource & Environment

Study on zoning for ecological remediation of territorial space based on the ecosystem services supply and demand：A case study of Yunnan Province

WANG Yu-kun, WANG Jian-jie, ZHANG Cui-qing, WANG Ya-hui

2023, 62(11):  20-26.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.11.005

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Taking Yunnan Province as the research area, the ecological protection and restoration zoning work at the county level was carried out by quantifying ecosystem service （ES） supply and demand and mapping the matching relationship between the two. The results showed that obvious spatial heterogeneity was seen in both ES supply and demand, and these two showed a complementary relationship spatially. The forest areas in the northwest and southwest Yunnan were high supply areas, while the eastern parts were low supply and high demand areas. The Yunnan Province was divided into four regions according to the characteristics of supply and demand： coordination type （high supply-high demand）, which should focus on improving the supply level of other ecological land except water areas; urban and rural remodeling type （low supply-high demand）, which should pay more attention to the spatial allocation and coverage of urban green space; key restoration type （low supply-low demand）, which should carry out soil and water conservation, mine rehabilitation and other rehabilitation projects in local areas; ecological conservation type （high supply- low demand）, which should take ecological conservation as the main goal to achieve the overall improvement of forest quality.

Response of degradation characteristics of films to different soil moisture and soil temperature

GAO Zhi-ting, WANG Gai-ling

2023, 62(11):  27-33.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.11.006

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Two PBAT biodegradable films（biodegradable film 1 and biodegradable film 2） and a PE film were used as research materials, and the degradation characteristics of different films were studied by indoor culture experiment, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and Fourier transform infrared spectrum （FTIR） under different soil moisture and different temperature culture conditions. The results showed that, when the films were cultured for 90 d under three different soil temperature conditions of 20 ℃, 40 ℃, 20 ℃ （12 h） and 40 ℃ （12 h） day and night alternation （20 ℃/40 ℃） respectively at the soil moisture content of 20%, the weight loss rates of the common PE membrane, biodegradable film 1 and biodegradable film 2 were the highest at 20 ℃/40 ℃, reaching to 2.89%, 11.91%, 8.33%, respectively. When the films were cultured for 90 d at 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% soil mositure respectively at 20 ℃, there was no significant difference in the degradation degree of PE film, while the biodegradable film 1 had the highest weight loss rate of 5.36% at 30% soil mositure, and that of the biodegradable film 2 was 6.46% at 25% soil mositure. It could be speculated that the Norrish type I reactions occurred in the two biodegradable films after 90 d of culture based on the FTIR. The expansion vibration of the two biodegradable films was obvious at 20 ℃/40 ℃, representing the molecular strand fracture. SEM showed the change trend of the morphological characteristic of the PBAT biodegradable films degradation was consistent with the law of matrix drop—crack/small penetrating holes—large area crack/large penetrating holes. It was concluded that the degradation degree of PBAT biodegradable films was significantly higher than that of PE film, and the high temperature and humid soil environment was conducive to the degradation of PBAT biodegradable films.

Calculation of carbon sources and carbon sinks for animal husbandry in Shiyan City, and its technology path and ecological strategy for low-carbon development

ZHANG Rong-bing, CAO Zhong-xin, YE Miao, LUO Yu, YIN Shuang-shuang, LI Xuan

2023, 62(11):  34-40.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.11.007

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Taking the carbon source and carbon sink in the whole process of animal husbandry production in Shiyan City as the research object, and based on reference to relevant domestic and foreign literature, analysis and research on the whole life cycle of animal husbandry production in Shiyan City were conducted. Direct production and auxiliary production were selected as the system boundaries to determine the emission sources of the three main greenhouse gases （CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O） in the whole process of livestock production, and the carbon emissions and carbon pools of animal husbandry production in Shiyan City from 2011 to 2021 were measured using IPCC inventory estimation method and the LCA model. The results showed that from 2011 to 2021, the total annual carbon emissions during the entire life cycle of animal husbandry in Shiyan City were 112 400 to 198 400 tons, the total grassland carbon pool was 838 600 to 1 489 300 tons, and the total annual net carbon emissions during the entire life cycle were -1 324 800 to -640 800 tons. In addition, the research on the technological path and ecological strategies for achieving low-carbon development of animal husbandry in Shiyan City was conducted, with the aim of providing a basis for better promoting low-carbon and ecological development of animal husbandry, and implementing energy conservation, emission reduction, and resource utilization of livestock and poultry waste.

Study on composting fermentation conditions of Chinese medicine residue of Compound Fuqing Lotion

ZHOU Can, LIU Ren-yang, LIANG Xiao-xia, DI Shi-wen, SHI Jin-min, ZHANG Ze-zhi

2023, 62(11):  41-45.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.11.008

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To explore the composting fermentation condition of Chinese medicine residue of Compound Fuqing Lotion, four composting methods such as aerobic artificial fermentation, aerobic natural fermentation, anaerobic artificial fermentation and anaerobic natural fermentation were used, and the changes of temperature, electrical conductivity, pH, seed germination index, total phosphorus content and the ratio of carbon and nitrogen （C/N） were monitored in the composting process. The results showed that the aerobic artificial fermentation composting was the best preparation method of Chinese Medicine residue of Compound Fuqing Lotion, which had high compost temperature and a fast maturity schedule. The composting fermentation condition of Chinese Medicine residue of Compound Fuqing Lotion was as follows： Moisture content was 60%, pH was 6~8, Rw composting agent proportion was 0.1 g/kg, and the number of compost turnovers per day was once or twice.

Preliminary construction of soil health evaluation index for facility watermelon cultivation in Wuhan City

HUANG Xiang, WANG Su-ping, ZENG Fan-ju, CHEN Gang, HONG Juan, DU Lei, CHENG Wei-shun, ZHANG Gui-you, LUO Xi, JIANG Li, ZHANG Li-hong

2023, 62(11):  46-50.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.11.009

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The samples of soil （0~20 cm） and agricultural products of facility cultivation watermelon [Citrullus lanatus （Thunb.） Matsum. & Nakai] were collected from major agricultural production areas in Wuhan City, and the physical and chemical indexes, the number of microorganisms of soil, and the quality indexes of agricultural products were detected. The results showed that the spatial variation of soil pH was from 4.91 to 7.16, and the variation of organic matter content was from 9.43 g/kg to 30.75 g/kg. The content of nitrate nitrogen in planting soil was very rich, and the content of available phosphorus and available potassium was at a high level. The soil bulk density and soil compactness were relatively close, and the soil water holding capacity in the field was different with different methods. The quantity of fungi in soil under facility cultivation did not change much, while the number of bacteria and actinomycetes fluctuated obviously. The soil health evaluation indexes of facility cultivation watermelon in Wuhan City were screened by principal component analysis method, and pH, available potassium, organic matter content, nitrate nitrogen, field water holding capacity and bacterial quantity were selected as evaluation indexes.

Multi scenario simulation of cultivated land landscape pattern in Western Hubei mountainous area based on PLUS model

PENG Hong-bing, SONG Jian, YIN Wen, QIAN Zhao-dong, TENG Xin, MENG Xue

2023, 62(11):  51-59.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.11.010

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Taking 19 counties （cities, districts） in Western Hubei as the research object, the PLUS model was used to simulate the temporal and spatial evolution law of cultivated land landscape under the constraints of natural conditions and the dual constraints of natural and socio-economic conditions, and clarify the important influencing factors of cultivated land landscape pattern. The results showed that the number of cultivated land in Western Hubei would still show a downward trend in the future. The main factors affecting cultivated land change were elevation, vegetation cover and hydrological conditions. The spatial distribution pattern of patch shape was significantly affected by topography, which was characterized by superior in the north and inferior in the south; in terms of time change, the cultivated land patch shape showed an obvious trend of optimization and development. In terms of patch pattern, the overall spatial aggregation, connectivity and fragmentation of the cultivated land patch in Western Hubei were poor, and there was a risk of continuous deterioration of cultivated land patch pattern. The difference of multi scenario simulation showed that the regular development of the cultivated land patch would be limited by social and economic activities, and only driven by natural conditions, the cultivated land landscape was easier to develop in the direction of complexity and fragmentation.

Plant Protection

Control effects of nano-grade copper 80% Bordeaux mixture wettable powder on leaf spot diseases of tobacco

MA Xin, KOU Bao-shi, LI Ji-bo, PENG Chao, LIU Qian-wen, GAO Meng-meng, ZHANG Chong, GU Ming

2023, 62(11):  60-64.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.11.011

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A new pesticide, nano-grade copper 80% Bordeaux mixture wettable powder, was used as the test agent and conventional 80% Bordeaux mixture wettable powder was used as the control agent. Field control experiments were carried out in Kaiyuan City and Fengcheng City of Liaoning Province for two years for 4 major leaf spot diseases of tobacco, including angular spot, wild fire, target spot and brown spot diseases. The results showed that compared with the conventional 80% Bordeaux mixture wettable powder, the nano-grade copper 80% Bordeaux mixture wettable powder had a better control effect on tobacco angular spot, wild fire, target spot and brown spot diseases. The dosage of 1 050 g/hm² was applied twice continuously, and the best control effects were 75.61%, 76.90%, 81.35% and 60.71%, respectively. In order to verify the safety of nano-grade copper 80% Bordeaux mixture wettable powder, the agronomic characteristics of tobacco plants were investigated in Kaiyuan City experimental field. The results showed that the plant height was 118.12 cm, the stem circumference was 9.11 cm, the effective leaf number was 21.51, and the max leaf area was 2 487.18 cm², which were all slightly higher than those of the control agent, and this new pesticide had no adverse effect on the growth and development of tobacco plants.

Horticulture & Local Products

Optimization of extraction process of total flavonoids from Pueraria montana and it’s antibacterial and antioxidant activities

ZHENG Min, SU Fu-lian, YUAN Ming-yuan, LIU Yu, HUANG Dong-hai, ZHANG Wei, LI Yu, LIAO Lu-jing, LUO Kai, HE Mei-jun

2023, 62(11):  65-72.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.11.012

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The antibacterial and antioxidant activities of total flavonoids from Pueraria montana （Loureiro） Merrill were studied. The water extraction technology of Pueraria montana was optimized by the single factor test and response surface method. The total flavonoids were characterized by ultraviolet spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography. The biological activities of total flavonoids were evaluated by agar diffusion method, with DPPH·, ABTS⁺· and total reduction capacity as indicators. The results showed that the optimized extraction process of total flavonoids from Pueraria montana was as follows： Solid-liquid ratio （m∶V,g∶mL） of 1∶16, extraction time of 69 min, extraction times of 3 times, and the total flavonoids yield was 7.690%. Nine common flavonoids were detected in the optimized total flavonoids of Pueraria montana, the total content of which accounted for 91.81%. The total flavonoids of Pueraria montana had different antibacterial activities against 11 strains tested, and it was found to be moderately sensitive to Enterococcus faecalis and Bacillus thuringiensis for the first time, with MIC of 250, 500 mg/mL, respectively. It had strong scavenging ability and total reduction ability, and the IC₅₀ of DPPH· and ABTS⁺· free radicals were 0.398, 0.189 mg/mL, respectively.

The effects of exogenous selenium on growth and content of active ingredients on Asparagus cochinchinensis

LIU Xiao-qin, YAO Zi-yan, LIAO Ying-jie, WU Yun, CHEN Xiao-chun, LIAO Chao-lin

2023, 62(11):  73-77.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.11.013

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Under the condition of applying exogenous selenium by root irrigation, the growth of Asparagus cochinchinensis （stem length, root number, root length, root diameter, root dry weight） and the change rule of active ingredient content in Asparagus cochinchinensis root were studied. The results showed that adding 10~40 mg/L exogenous selenium to soil during planting Asparagus cochinchinensis was beneficial to the growth of Asparagus cochinchinensis. When the concentration of exogenous selenium was 30 mg/L, the number of root tuber per plant of Asparagus cochinchinensis was the highest. When the concentration of selenium reached 50 mg/L, it had an inhibitory effect on the number of Asparagus cochinchinensis root tuber. When the concentration of exogenous selenium was 40 mg/L, the stem length, root length, root diameter and root dry weight of Asparagus cochinchinensis were the best. When the concentration of exogenous selenium was 10~50 mg/L, it could promote the accumulation of active ingredients. The overall optimal concentration of exogenous selenium for the accumulation of polysaccharides, saponins, and flavonoids in Asparagus cochinchinensis was 30 mg/L.

Quantitative analysis of main agronomic characters about Gastrodia elata BI. f. elata from Dejiang

HUANG Xiao-run, LIU Qin-cheng, ZHANG Li-na, ZENG Xian-qiang, HUANG Wan-bing, YANG Tong-jing, ZHU Guo-sheng, GUI Yang

2023, 62(11):  78-83.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.11.014

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The 18 agronomic traits of 638 Gastrodia elata BI. f. elata were studied, and the coefficient of variation, correlation, factor and path analysis were carried out. The results showed that among the aboveground agronomic traits of Gastrodia elata BI. f. elata, there were high consistency and specificity in stem diameter, perianth tube length, perianth tube width, ovary length, fruit length and fruit width, and the direct positive effects of factor contribution rate and path analysis were also large; among the main agronomic traits in the underground part, the variation coefficient of longitudinal length, transverse length and ring number was small, and had a significant correlation with the fresh weight of the single tuber, and the direct positive effect of factor contribution rate and path analysis was also large. The main agronomic traits mentioned above could be used as the key traits for quality control and variety breeding of Gastrodia elata BI. f. elata from Dejiang.

The sedation and hypnosis effect of volatile oil from the root of Jasminum sambac based on the GC-MS and network pharmacology

CHEN Rui, PAN Xiao-fang, YANG Nan, HUO Li-ni, CHEN Yang-ling, LIANG Tian Jian

2023, 62(11):  84-91.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.11.015

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The mechanism of sedation and hypnosis effect of volatile oil from the root of Jasminum sambac based on the GC-MS and network pharmacology was explored. The volatile oil components in the roots of Jasminum sambac were analyzed using GC-MS technology; potential targets were screened using databases such as TCMSP and Swiss Target Prediction, and relevant targets of “insomnia” were queried using the CTD （http：//ctdbase.org/） database; intersection targets were obtained using the Venny mapping software（https：//bioinfogp.cnb.csic.es/tools/Venny/index.html）, and a protein-protein interaction network （PPI） was constructed using the STRING database （https：//string-db.org/cgi/input.pl） to screen core targets of action; an active ingredient-target-pathway network diagram was created using Cytoscape 3.7.2 software, and main targets and signaling pathways were predicted through GO annotation and KEGG enrichment analysis; finally, the docking between the main active ingredients and their core targets was verified using the molecular docking software SYBYL. The results showed that a total of 23 compounds were identified from the roots of Jasminum sambac, and 12 active components and 77 targets were screened. It mainly acted on multiple targets such as CYP19A1, NCOA2, PTGS1, AR, SLC6A2 and CA1, and affected multiple signaling pathways such as neuroactive ligand receptor interactions and cancer pathways, thereby exerting its effects. The molecular docking results showed that most active ingredients had good binding performance with their core targets, mainly interacting through hydrophobic bonds and hydrogen bonds.

Effects of different substrate ratios on the growth of container seedlings of Machilus breviflora

DING Yue-lian, WANG Bing-qing, CHEN Jie, WAN Li-xin, ZHOU Jian-ying, WANG Zhi-yun

2023, 62(11):  92-96.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.11.016

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Aiming to explore the best substrate for the growth of container seedlings of Machilus breviflora, the growth of container seedlings of Machilus breviflora by taking yellow heart soil, peat soil, coconut bran, perlite and organic fertilizer as experimental materials and combining them into ten kinds of mixed substrates through different matrix ratios were studied. The results showed that different matrix ratios had obvious effects on the growth, biomass and leaf chlorophyll SPAD value of Machilus breviflora. The results of principal component analysis showed that the comprehensive score of Machilus breviflora was the highest with the best growth when the matrix ratio was 15% yellow core soil + 50% peat soil + 20% coconut bran + 10% perlite + 5% organic fertilizer.

Characteristics analysis and comprehensive evaluation of new varieties of potted Asian lily

WANG Ai-ai, LUO Dong-yu, ZHANG Ying, YANG Fang, YANG Sheng-nan, LIN Jiao, LUO Chun-xia, ZHOU Jia-hua

2023, 62(11):  97-101.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.11.017

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Five new potted Asian lily varieties were used as introduction materials, 18 botanical traits were observed and counted, the phonological phase, stem and leaf traits, flowering traits and comprehensive resistance of potted Asian lily varieties were comprehensively evaluated and compared by scoring method, and a comprehensive evaluation system of Asian potted lily was established, aiming to select potted lily varieties and breeding materials suitable for spreading and planting in Jingmen and even the whole Yangtze River basin. The results showed that, Trendy Havana, Lava Joy, Classic Joy, Trendy Nicosia and Blushing Joy were all suitable for introduction and cultivation in Jingmen City. The height of the potted Asian lily plants tested was 31.9~46.0 cm, the plant type was compact, and they all bloomed in May. The duration from planting to flowering was 48~64 d, the overall flowering period was 18~28 days, and the average number of flower buds was 3~5. All of them were single-petal flowers, the flower was dish-shape or bowl-shape, the flower shape was upright, and the flower color was bright and rich. Trendy Havana and Lava Joy showed better performance, with long flowering periods, high ornamental value and good adaptability. Trendy Nicosia should be paid attention to the protection of aphids during planting.

Aquatic Science

Effects of dissolved oxygen and nitrite on the incubation time of Charybdis feriatus egg

ZOU Xiong, YANG Ming-qiu, PU Li-yun, LU Jian-xue, XIA Lian-jun, LIU Xin

2023, 62(11):  102-105.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.11.018

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The effects of dissolved oxygen and nitrite on the incubation time of Charybdis feriatus egg were studied. The results showed that the concentration of dissolved oxygen and nitrite had a significant impact on the incubation time of Charybdis feriatus egg; when the dissolved oxygen content in seawater was within the range of 2~12 mg/L, Charybdis feriatus could be incubated normally. Within this range, as the dissolved oxygen content in seawater increased, the incubation time of Charybdis feriatus egg gradually decreased; nitrite concentration had a significant impact on the incubation duration of Charybdis feriatus egg. When the concentration was lower than 50 mg/L, it was suitable for the incubation of Charybdis feriatus egg. When the concentration of nitrite was lower than 25 mg/L, the incubation duration of Charybdis feriatus egg in each stage was shorter.

Effects of monthly satiation degree on growth performance, body composition, immunity and water quality of juveniles grass carp

GUO Wei, WANG Min, YANG Hui-jun, MO Ai-jie, YUAN Yong-chao

2023, 62(11):  106-112.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.11.019

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In order to explore the effects of monthly satiation degree on the feeding, growth, immunity of juvenile grass carp （Ctenopharyngodon idellus） and the water quality index of farmed aquatic fish ponds, juvenile grass carp with body weight of （18.10 ± 0.09） g was selected as the test subjects for a period of 60 days. The juveniles were fed at four levels of 70%, 80%, 90% and 100% of monthly satiation degree. The results showed that： ① The weight gain rate and specific growth rate of the test fish were significantly positively correlated with the monthly satiety, and the treatment group with monthly satiation degree of 100% showed the best specific growth rate （2.02%/d）, but had no obvious difference compared with the treatment group with monthly satiation degree of 90% （P>0.05）; the feed coefficient of the test fish was significantly negatively correlated with the monthly satiety, the test fish with monthly satiation degree of 90% had the lowest feed coefficient （1.16±0.04）, while the test fish with monthly satiation degree of 70% had the highest feed coefficient （1.43±0.07）. ② Different monthly satiation degrees had a certain impact on the survival rate and morphological indicators of the test fish, among which the test fish with monthly satiation degree of 100% had the lowest survival rate, but their hepotasomatic index and condition factor were the highest. ③ The difference in the muscle nutrient composition of the test fish under different monthly satiety levels was not significant （P>0.05）, while the crude fat content in the whole fish nutrient content was significantly positively correlated with the monthly satiation degree （P<0.05）. ④During the test period, the contents of ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and phosphate in the cultured water bodies increased significantly with the increase of monthly satiety （P<0.05）, but the monthly satiety had no significant effect on the nitrogen nitrite nitrogen in the cultured waters and the serum antioxidant index of the test fish （P>0.05）.

Effect of isolating female from male culture on the culture performance and gonad development of Procambarus clarkii

HU Qian, WANG Qi-shuai, LIU Xiao-long, LI Yan-he

2023, 62(11):  113-117.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.11.020

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In order to explore the effect of Procambarus clarkii culture, the growth, survival, disability and gonad development of Procambarus clarkii were investigated under three culture modes including female mono-sex, male mono-sex and mixed culture. The results showed that there was no significant effect on body weight of Procambarus clarkii （P>0.05） under different aquaculture modes, the survival rate of female mono-sex on the 90th day was the highest （74.17%） and the disability rate was the lowest （5.62%）, the average body weight of male crayfish in mixed culture was always higher than that of female crayfish, while the survival rate and disability rate of female crayfish were always higher than those of male crayfish, and the gonad development degree of female crayfish in female mono-sex was higher than that in mixed culture.

Storage & Processing

Research on the preparation and antibacterial activity of composite films of grape seed extract

GENG Zhi, FU Jia-le, GUO Wan-ting

2023, 62(11):  118-124.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.11.021

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Chitosan and sodium alginate were used as film forming materials and glycerin as the plasticizer. The effects of chitosan, sodium alginate, glycerin concentration and grape seed extract on tensile strength and elongation at the break of composite films were investigated by the single factor test, and the orthogonal test was established on this basis. The antibacterial activity of the composite films of grape seed extract against Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus was determined by the K-B method.The results showed that the best composite films forming process was sodium alginate concentration of 2.00%, chitosan concentration of 1.50%, glycerin concentration of 0.2%, and grape seed extract of 20%. The composite films had antibacterial activity against all four control bacteria, with the best effect against Escherichia coli, its antibacterial sphere diameter of 7.4 mm and the worst antibacterial effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The test method was simple and rapid, and the composite films were stable, with certain mechanical properties, appropriate transparency and water absorption. Adding grape seed extract could increase the antibacterial properties of the composite films, which provided a new idea for the preparation of antibacterial composite films and provided reference for the preparation of film products in the food preservation industry.

Optimization of mycelium culture conditions for bag cultivation of Pleurotus citrinopileatus by response surface methodology

ZHANG Chun-yan, LI He, HU Pan

2023, 62(11):  125-130.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.11.022

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Pleurotus citrinopileatus was used as the test material, and the single factor test of the culture conditions was performed based on the best bag culture with sterilized raw materials. On the basis of the single factor experiment, the response surface optimization experiment was carried out with the mycelium growth rate as the response value by using the Box-Behnken central combination principle, and the optimization research was carried out on four different culture conditions in mycelium culture, including inoculum volume, pH, temperature and water content of culture material. The results showed that the influence of the four factors on the mycelium growth rate of Pleurotus citrinopileatus was temperature > inoculum volume > pH > water content of culture material. The optimal culture condition was inoculum volume of 7%, pH of 6.5, temperature of 26 ℃, and water content of culture material of 65%. Under this culture condition, the mycelium growth rate of Pleurotus citrinopileatus could reach 9.99 mm/d.

The extraction process of the sterols from faba pods and its kinetic investigation and thermodynamic analysis

YANG Xu, ZHU Ai-shi, LIAO Yu-chen

2023, 62(11):  131-136.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.11.023

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In order to improve the utilization rate of the byproduct old faba pods, the extraction technology of the sterols from faba pods was studied with ethanol aqueous solution as the extraction agent, and the kinetic investigation and thermodynamic analysis of the extraction process were carried out. The optimal liquid-solid ratio, ethanol volume fraction and stirring rate were determined by single factor test investigation; the relationship between sterols concentration and extraction time was measured at different extraction temperatures, the first-order kinetic plate model was used to fit the experimental data; the activation energy, internal diffusion coefficient, Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy of the extraction process of sterols from faba pods were calculated. The results showed that the sterols were successfully extracted from faba pods, and the yield of sterols was 6.2 mg/g. The liquid-solid ratio, ethanol volume fraction, stirring rate, extraction temperature and extraction time had effects on sterols yield. The suitable extraction process was the liquid-solid ratio of 20∶1, ethanol volume fraction of 80%, stirring rate of 200 r/min, and extraction time of 1.0 h. The first-order kinetic plate model was suitable for describing the extraction process of sterols. The activation energy of extraction was 22.50 kJ/mol in the range of temperatures examined. The internal diffusion coefficient increased from 2.08×10^-10 m²/min to 4.95×10^-10 m²/min with increasing extraction temperature. The Gibbs free energy of the extraction process was less than zero at all extraction temperatures, indicating that the extraction of sterol from old faba pods was a spontaneous process. The enthalpy and entropy of the extraction process of sterols from faba pods were 28.26 kJ/mol and 102.26 J/（mol·K）, which indicated that the extraction process of sterols from faba pods was endothermic and increased entropy. The results could provide reference for large-scale application of the extraction of faba pods sterols.

Processing technology and safety evaluation of Stropharia rugosoannulata instant products

WANG Rui, XIE Zheng-lin, XU Jun-qi, LIN Yu-wen, WU Meng-ya

2023, 62(11):  137-142.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.11.024

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The fresh Stropharia rugosoannulata was used as processing raw material to study the key processing technology of hardening and flavoring of instant products of Stropharia rugosoannulata. The results showed that the optimal solution for hardening of Stropharia rugosoannulata was to soak in 0.1% CaCl₂ and 0.7% NaCl,and the treatment time was 30 min; according to the fuzzy evaluation results and response surface methodology, the optimal formula for optimizing the taste was 2.6% salt, 2.1% soy sauce, and 0.6% spice. The sensory score was （79.2±0.1）points. After testing 5 kinds of pyrethrin pesticides commonly used in Stropharia rugosoannulata instant products, 3 kinds were not detected and 2 kinds were detected, but the detected content was much lower than the specified maximum limit value, indicating that they were generally safe. The research results could enrich the processing categories of Stropharia rugosoannulata and provide reference for the sensory fuzzy judgment of instant products.

Analysis of the interannual change characteristics of food production and consumption and food supply safety in China

YANG Ying, QIAN Yu-ting, WANG Xia, XIE Biao

2023, 62(11):  143-148.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.11.025

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By collecting data, the changes of China’s food production and consumption system from 1961 to 2018 were analyzed, and the trend rules of the production and consumption system were summarized. According to the characteristics of this change, the current safety situation and future trend of food supply in China were discussed. The results showed that with the improvement of the living standard of Chinese residents, the proportion of plant food in the annual production and consumption of Chinese residents decreased slightly, but it still accounted for 88.33% of food production and 88.58% of food consumption in 2018. The proportion of animal food production and consumption increased as a whole, production increased from 3.19% in 1961 to 11.01% in 2018, and consumption increased from 3.19% in 1961 to 10.67% in 2018. The diet structure gradually tended to diversify. In terms of supply safety, the self-sufficiency rate of grain exceeded 95%, but the structural contradiction of food types was still prominent, and the import of beans, nuts, milk and aquatic products was in high demand. In the context of the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents （2016）, except for milk, the per capita food production of Chinese residents could fully meet all food needs in 2018. Finally, some suggestions for ensuring the safety of food supply were put forward from the aspects of production technology, production structure, agricultural policy and dietary pattern.

Research on four colloids applied in fish balls

CHEN Jing-jing, ZHANG Peng-hui, YANG Chen-yu, HUANG Xian-qing

2023, 62(11):  149-154.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.11.026

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Taking the representative product of frozen meat products fish balls as the research object, the domestic freshwater silver carp surimi was used to compare the effects of carrageenan, konjac flour, sodium alginate, and sodium polyacrylate on the pH and production rate of fish surimi, as well as the whiteness and texture of quick-frozen fish balls. The results showed that adding sodium polyacrylate could improve the pH of fish surimi and the whiteness of the products; when konjac flour and sodium alginate were added, there was no significant difference in pH, texture and taste; adding carrageenan could enhance the springiness of fish balls. In general, the quality of fish balls could be improved significantly by using 0.30% carrageenan, 0.20% konjac flour and 0.20% sodium polyacrylate at the same time. It was of great significance to improve the taste of fish balls with domestic freshwater fish surimi as the main raw material and the development of China’s freshwater aquaculture industry.

Detection Analysis

Effect of cosolvent extraction technology on the extraction rate and aroma components of different tobacco raw materials

XIAO Dong, CHEN Shao-quan, ZHU Ting, SHI Jian-quan, ZHU Ling-chao, ZHANG Meng-yuan, GUO Jian-song, LI Xiao-yi, LI Zhong-ren

2023, 62(11):  155-158.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.11.027

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By using methods such as constant temperature water bath extraction, atmospheric pressure concentration, conventional chemical index detection, simultaneous distillation extraction, and GC-MS internal standard quantitative detection of aroma components, the extraction rate and changes in aroma components of tobacco raw materials after the addition of cosolvents （hop∶koji extract∶Tween 80=2∶5∶10, mass ratio） were analyzed. The results showed that after adding cosolvents to the tobacco raw materials for paper making, the extraction rates of all three tobacco raw materials increased. The extraction rates of tobacco stems, mixed raw materials, and tobacco fragments increased by 7.88, 0.12, and 0.09 percentage points, respectively. The extraction rates of reducing sugars, total alkaloids, total nitrogen, and chloride ions in tobacco raw materials with the addition of cosolvents were higher than those without the addition of cosolvents. After adding cosolvents to tobacco raw materials, the types and contents of ketones, aldehydes, furans, and esters increased, while the content of megastigmatrienone increased; after adding cosolvent to tobacco stems, the content of 5-methyl-2-furan methanol decreased. The addition of cosolvents could improve the extraction rate of tobacco raw materials and increase the aroma components content of some tobacco raw materials.

Agricultural Engineering

A study on the factors influencing the use of agricultural APP by farmers based on canonical correlation analysis

QIAO Cheng-huan, QIAO Cheng-shuo, WANG Dong-qi, CUI Xian, CONG Lei

2023, 62(11):  159-164.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.11.028

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In order to compare the importance of various influencing factors in the promotion process of agricultural APP, farmers in Yantai City, Tai’an City, and Weihai City, Shandong Province were selected as the research objects. Typical correlation analysis methods were used to analyze subjective factors and objective factors on farmers’ use of agricultural APP. The results indicated that the degree of understanding of the software among subjective factors was the main factor determining whether to use agricultural APP, while whether traditional information channels met information needs was a secondary factor. When traditional information channels could not meet farmers’ information needs, it was beneficial for the promotion of the software;the average monthly frequency of obtaining technical guidance and the age of farmers were the main and secondary factors in objective factors, respectively. In summary, when promoting agricultural APP, the focus should be on farmers over 40 years old, and on areas where traditional information channels had developed well but couldn’t fully meet farmers’ needs for agricultural information. Emphasis should be placed on cultivating farmers’ software usage abilities.

Research progress in crop disease and pest identification based on deep learning

LI Zheng, LI Bao-xi, LI Zhi-hao, ZHAN Yi-fang, WANG Li-hua, GONG Qi

2023, 62(11):  165-169.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.11.029

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In order to effectively prevent and control crop diseases and pests, and ensure crop health, rapid and accurate identification of crop diseases and pests was a prerequisite for effective prevention and control.A review was conducted on the research on crop pest and disease identification, summarizing the development process of crop pest and disease identification methods. The focus was on analyzing the network structure, modeling key links, and six typical architectural features of deep learning. Combined with current research hotspots and application prospects, prospects were made from the construction of public datasets, integration of multiple imaging technologies, and optimization of large model performance.

Technical application of abandoned mines transforming into smart plant factory

ZENG Wei, ZHU Ke-jia

2023, 62(11):  170-175.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.11.030

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In order to make scientific and reasonable secondary use of abandoned mines, relying on the reuse project of abandoned mines in Daye Copper Mine Area, Hubei Province, the construction was carried out through the intelligent cultivation system of plant factory, the intelligent regulation system of climate and environmental factors, and the low-carbon energy supply system. Based on WEB server, 5G internet of things and other technologies, the collaborative control of environmental factors （light, water, gas, fertilizer） had been realized, thus forming a production mode of agricultural factory with high degree of data and automation, and effectively promoting the technological application process of smart plant factory. An automatic transportation device was designed and developed to achieve precise positioning of the transportation of cultivation units. The transformation of abandoned mines into smart plant factory also promoted the innovation of relevant agricultural technologies. By selecting high value-added crop varieties for optimization of cultivation techniques, the maximization of resource value had been achieved. It provided the technical basis and practical reference for industrial transformation and upgrading of abandoned mines and resource depletion cities in China.

Extracting rice planting area based on deep learning and remote sensing data

QIU Ru-qiong, PENG Shao-kun, LI Meng-fan

2023, 62(11):  176-182.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.11.031

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A pixel and multi-scale Deep Convolutional Neural Networks （DCNN） rice（Oryza sativa L.） remote sensing recognition model was constructed to address the issues of large sample collection workload, high sample labeling requirements, and difficulty in selecting the scale of rice receptive fields in existing rice （Oryza sativa L.） remote sensing recognition based on Deep Convolutional Neural Networks. Firstly, based on the distribution characteristics of rice planting, a pixel based DCNN extraction model was designed by integrating comprehensively the characteristics of Deep Convolutional Neural Networks methods;secondly, by combining multi-scale and DCNN, a multi-scale DCNN model was constructed to enhance the multi-scale characteristics of the receptive field; finally, in order to verify the effectiveness of the multi-scale DCNN model in extracting rice, the traditional machine learning SVM model, semantic segmentation D-Linknet model, and single-scale DCNN model were selected for classification accuracy comparison and analysis using Gaofen-1 and Gaofen-2 satellite images as data sources. The results showed that the accuracy, precision, recall, and equilibrium F-scores of the multi-scale DCNN model proposed in this study were 97.75%, 96.68%, 99.08%, and 97.85%, respectively;compared with other models, the multi-scale DCNN model had a simple structure, simple sample production, and high recognition accuracy, which had good application value.

Strawberry fruit recognition algorithm based on improved Faster R-CNN model

LI Jia-jun, ZHU Zi-feng, LIU Hong-xin, SU Yu-rong, WEN Chuan-wen, ZHANG Yuan-sheng, ZHANG Hui-min, DENG Li-miao

2023, 62(11):  183-190.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.11.032

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In response to the problem of low recognition accuracy of the Faster R-CNN model for natural strawberries （Fragaria ananassa Duch.）, the Faster R-CNN model was improved by improving the RPN structure and replacing the backbone feature extraction network using live images of strawberries planted on ridges as the data source.The results showed that the improved Faster R-CNN model had an average precision （AP） of 0.893 0 when identifying mature strawberries and 0.820 7 when identifying immature strawberries. The accuracy of strawberry recognition reached a high level, solving the problem of difficulty in identifying immature strawberries.Meanwhile, in order to test the automatic counting performance of the model, a linear regression between automatic counting and manual counting was established based on the recognition results of the model. The correlation coefficients of mature and immature strawberries were 0.973 7 and 0.944 7, respectively. The high correlation between automatic counting and manual counting indicated that the improved Faster R-CNN model had high recognition performance and counting ability.

Biological Engineering

Selection pressure and gene recombination analysis of waterfowl parvovirus

WANG Hong-cai, SHANG Yu, GUO Yun-qing, ZENG Zhe, ZHANG Rong-rong, WEN Guo-yuan, LUO Qing-ping

2023, 62(11):  191-197.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.11.033

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By conducting PCR detection, genome sequencing, and evolutionary analysis on clinical waterfowl parvovirus, the genotype of the isolated strain was determined.Further selection pressure and gene recombination analysis were conducted on the genome of the isolated strains using Paml and RDP software to determine the evolutionary trend of the isolated strains. The results showed that the three strains of waterfowl parvovirus isolated belonged to the novel goose parvovirus, named YiCH strain, AnQ strain, and XiY strain, with genome lengths of 5 056, 5 056, and 5 068 bp, respectively. The three isolates had the closest phylogenetic relationship with the novel goose parvovirus M15 strain, with 6 base insertions at positions 191~196 and 4 878~4 883 in the ITR region at both ends of the XiY strain. Selection pressure analysis was conducted on the isolated strains, and three positive selection sites were detected for the VP protein of the isolated strains, namely 116Q, 261A, and 485S. Recombination analysis showed that both the YiCH and AnQ strains exhibited recombination phenomenon, with XiY strain as the main parent strain and GPV 06-0329 strain as the secondary parent strain.

Expression and biological activity of Bacillus sp. glycosyl hydrolase GH489

TINA Yu-xi, DU Si-yuan, YU Xiao-hua, XIA Hao-tian, LIU Xiao-yan, MIN Yong, CHEN Ling, ZHU Lei, QIU Yi-min

2023, 62(11):  198-201.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.11.034

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In order to investigate the biological activity of Bacillus sp. glycosyl hydrolase GH489, the target gene gh489 was amplified by designing specific primers,the recombinant GH489 protein was expressed using the Escherichia coli prokaryotic expression system, and the target protein was isolated and purified using histidine tags. The acaricidal activity of Bacillus sp. glycosyl hydrolase GH489 against Tetranychus urticae was detected. The results showed that the recombinant GH489 protein expressed by Escherichia coli BL21 （DE3） was a soluble protein with a molecular weight of approximately 57 kDa. The purified GH489 recombinant protein showed good acaricidal activity,after 24 hours of treatment, the half lethal concentration （LC₅₀） of Tetranychus urticae was 30.296 μg/mL, and after 48 hours of treatment, the half lethal concentration （LC₅₀） of Tetranychus urticae was 21.212 μg/mL.

Study on the differentiation of watermelon cotyledon explants by ALS inhibitor herbicides

WAN Li-li, WANG Zhuan-rong, TANG Mi, ZENG Hong-xia, ZHANG Xue-jun, ZHANG Na, REN Jian, SUN Yu-hong, ZHU Zhi-kun

2023, 62(11):  202-206.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.11.035

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Using the cotyledons of watermelon inbred line D66 as explants, the explants were placed on a screening medium containing different concentrations of acetolactate synthase （ALS） inhibitor herbicides （SU herbicides, IMI herbicides）, and the optimal herbicide concentration was determined based on the differentiation rate of the explants. The effect of different plant growth regulators （6-BA, NAA） concentration ratios on the proliferation of adventitious buds was explored. The results showed that the optimal concentrations of tribenuron-methy1 and thifensulfuron-methy1 in SU herbicides were both 0.25 mg/L, while the optimal concentration of bensulfuron was 0.50 mg/L;the most suitable concentrations for IMI herbicides such imazaquin and imazapyr were both 1.50 mg/L;the highest proliferation rate of adventitious buds was observed in MS+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L NAA medium, which was 287.0%;the optimal concentration of herbicides determined based on watermelon inbred line D66 materials was also suitable for screening cotyledon explants of watermelon hybrids （Wunong 8, Black Beauty, Tianwang 1, Zaojia 8424）.

Economy & Management

Study on the factors influencing the adoption of plastic film treatment technology for farmers： Based on the investigation in Yuli County, Xinjiang

BA Yin-hua, YANG Zhi-ying, ARU Sulitan, SHAN Na-na

2023, 62(11):  207-213.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.11.036

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Using the data of 226 questionnaires from the household survey in Yuli County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, combined with internal factors and external factors, the binary Logistic regression model was used to explore the influencing factors of the application of plastic film treatment technology for farmers, and analyze the main sources of internal factors and external factors. The results showed that the external factors had a significant positive predictive effect on supporting plastic film treatment technology. Developing technology applications, improving policy environment and enriching social networks could promote the adoption of plastic film treatment technology by farmers. In view of the present situation of plastic film pollution control, various measures should be taken to establish effective application mechanism of plastic film treatment technology, so as to improve the adoption efficiency.

Study on agricultural production efficiency and its regional differentiation under the environment of unexpected output and external management

SUN Wu-jie, WANG Lei

2023, 62(11):  214-220.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.11.037

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Taking the unexpected output into account and stripping the impact of the external environment, the improved three-stage DEA model was used to calculate the national agricultural production efficiency from 2015 to 2019, and the regional differentiation was analyzed. The results showed that the external environmental factors had a significant impact on agricultural production efficiency. The per capita disposable income of farmers improved the allocation of land and irrigation factors, the urbanization level improved the operation efficiency of machinery, labor and chemical fertilizer, the local financial expenditure on agriculture, forestry and water affairs was not conducive to agricultural production efficiency, the improvement of education level promoted farmers’ ability to control machinery, land and other factors, and the development of industrialization drove the operation of agricultural machinery. After stripping the external environmental interference, the national agricultural production efficiency had changed significantly. The average comprehensive efficiency in five years had increased by 0.07, the pure technical efficiency had increased by 0.05 and the scale efficiency had decreased by 0.01. In the third stage, the national agricultural production efficiency was divided into four types. The efficiency “high high type” in the middle was mostly and evenly distributed; the east was second, but there was a slight imbalance in development, and some areas had been “low low type” for a long time; the efficiency distribution in the west was extremely uneven, and the polarization between “high high type” and “low low type” was serious.Based on this, the strategies were put forward to promote the agricultural construction from the perspectives of external environment and regional characteristics.

Research on the influence of factor flow on the development of urban-rural integration in Shandong Province

DING Hui-yuan

2023, 62(11):  221-226.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.11.038

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Based on the actual situation and characteristics of urban-rural integration development in Shandong Province, the evaluation index system of urban-rural integration development level in Shandong Province was constructed from four dimensions： Factor integration, economic integration, social integration and ecological integration, and the change trend of urban-rural integration development level in 16 prefecture-level cities in Shandong Province from 2010 to 2019 was calculated and analyzed by means of entropy value; the spatial lag model was used to reveal the spatial spillover of urban-rural integration development in Shandong Province, and to judge the direction and degree of influence of various factors flow on urban-rural integration development. The results showed that from 2010 to 2019, the urban-rural integration in Shandong Province had been steadily promoted and the level had been continuously improved; the development of urban and rural integration among prefecture-level cities showed mutual promotion, and the spatial spillover effect was obvious; eight independent variables, such as population flow scale, urban scale and industrial structure, all played a positive role in promoting the urban-rural integration development in Shandong Province, but the degree of influence was different, and there was still room for progress.

The influence of joining farmers’ professional cooperatives on rice farmers’ green production intention： Based on the investigation of Jianghan Plain

TONG Tong, WEI Jun-ying, HE Pu-ming

2023, 62(11):  227-232.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.11.039

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Based on the micro-survey data of 410 farmers in Jianghan Plain, the influence of joining farmers’ professional cooperatives on rice farmers’ green production intention was discussed, and the mediating role of agricultural technology training was analyzed. Logit model and mediation model were used for analysis, and KHB test was used to measure the total effect, direct effect and indirect effect. The results showed that farmers’ professional cooperatives had a positive effect on the green production intention of rice farmers at a significant level of 1%. Technical training played an important mediating role in farmers’ professional cooperatives in influencing rice farmers’ willingness to green rice production. The total effect and direct effect of participation in farmers’ professional cooperatives on rice farmers’ green production willingness were 2.653 and 2.097, and the indirect effect through agricultural technology training was 0.556, which passed the test at the significant level of 1%, 1% and 5%, respectively. Participation in farmers’ professional cooperatives had a significant impact on rice farmers’ willingness to adopt green production, and agricultural technology training played a part of the intermediary role. According to this, some policy suggestions were put forward, such as perfecting the specific contents of farmers’ professional cooperatives, standardizing the incentive and constraint mechanism of green production, establishing and perfecting the green production guidance system of farmers’ professional cooperatives, and constructing the systematic project of rice green development.

Evaluation of green agricultural development level in Xinjiang under the background of rural revitalization

MA Teng-fei, LIU Jing

2023, 62(11):  233-239.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.11.040

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Based on the relevant data of agricultural green development in Xinjiang from 2010 to 2019, the entropy weight method was used to calculate the weight of each index, so as to evaluate the level of agricultural green development in Xinjiang. The results showed that the overall agricultural green development level of Xinjiang showed an upward trend from 2010 to 2019, which was characterized by a decline of agricultural green development level in the early stage and a steady improvement in the later stage. Among them, the factors of ecological protection level had a greater contribution to the green development of agriculture. From the specific indicators analysis： Waterlogging area, chemical oxygen demand emissions, fertilizer use per unit of cultivated land area, etc., had a greater impact on the green development of agriculture. In order to promote the steady improvement of Xinjiang’s agricultural green development level in the future, it was proposed to increase capital investment, promote soil erosion control and waterlogging control, increase incentives and guidance, promote the reduction and efficiency of chemical fertilizer and agricultural film, strengthen law enforcement and supervision, and continue to reduce the emission of chemical oxygen demand. At the same time, it was necessary to strengthen scientific research and innovation in the agricultural field, and continue to increase Xinjiang’s grain output.

“Three pillars” path research on N-city time bank sustainable development under the background of active aging

CHEN Ji-hua, SU Huan

2023, 62(11):  240-244.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.11.041

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In order to understand the development of the time bank's mutual care service model for the elderly, a questionnaire survey and field investigation were conducted in N-city, and it was learned that the current time bank in N-city was still in the exploration and development stage, with problems such as a small number of volunteers, low popularity, low service quality, and difficult interconnection of pension data. Therefore, it was proposed that under the background of active aging, the optimization path of the pension model of N-city time bank could be constructed through the “three pillars”, namely, the three dimensions of national health, social participation and policy guarantee, and the localization development of time bank could be made into the characteristics of N-city and form the experience of N-city.

Rural Revitalization

The path of digital technology empowering high quality development of farmers’ cooperatives

WANG Shan-shan, NAN Kai-qiang

2023, 62(11):  245-251.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.11.042

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By analyzing the significance and existing difficulties of high-quality development of farmers’ cooperatives from the perspective of digital technology, targeted suggestions were proposed. Research had shown that with the acceleration of digital rural construction and the increase in the number of farmers’ cooperatives, problems such as poor digital operation capabilities, weak service guarantee and driving capacity of farmers, shortage of digital technology talents, and low degree of industrial integration development were gradually emerging, affecting the digital development process of farmers’ cooperatives. In order to achieve the sustainable and healthy development of farmers’ cooperatives, farmers’ cooperatives needed to strengthen their digital operation and management capabilities, accelerate the digital development of farmers’ cooperatives consortium, enhance their digital service guarantee capabilities, establish a digital technology talent system, and improve their digital application level, in order to help farmers’ cooperatives achieve high-quality development and promote the revitalization of digital rural areas.

The dilemma and optimization path in development of rural mutual support for the aged：Based on the perspective of social action theory

ZHU Cheng-jie

2023, 62(11):  252-257.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.11.043

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In order to achieve rural revitalization and enhance the life happiness of the rural elderly, mutual support for the aged has become the preferred choice. Under the impact of the real environment of the rural population aging, the rural mutual support for the aged realized welfare production through the mutual aid behavior of the main body. Based on the analytical framework for social action, the dilemma of unsustainable development of mutual support for the aged from perspectives of goal, action, and environment was explained. In view of the development dilemma of rural mutual support for the aged, it was proposed to build a mutual aid behavior incentive mechanism to solve the goal dilemma, introduce social capital to solve the action dilemma, and use rural revitalization to solve the environment dilemma. The sustainable development of rural mutual support for the aged was promoted by reshaping rural culture, enriching rural elderly care resources and mobilizing the enthusiasm of villagers.