Abstract: To systematically analyze the spatial distribution patterns of traditional villages in Hebei Province under the background of rural revitalization and explore the core driving mechanisms of their spatial differentiation, 276 traditional villages in Hebei Province were taken as the research objects, three time points of 2012, 2014, and 2023 were selected, methods such as nearest neighbor index, kernel density analysis, hot and cold spot analysis, and geographical detector were adopted to explore the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of traditional villages in Hebei Province. The results showed that under the background of rural revitalization, the spatial structure of traditional villages in Hebei Province had gradually evolved from initial regional agglomeration to a networked pattern of core strengthening and edge extension. The nearest neighbor analysis indicated that the nearest neighbor index R values at the three time points were 0.43, 0.54, and 0.41, respectively, showing a significant agglomeration state. The kernel density was distributed in a banded multi-core pattern along the Taihang Mountains and the Yanshan Mountains. The hot and cold spots showed a Matthew effect of hot spot intensification and cold spot solidification, and the problem of unbalanced regional development had intensified. The geographical detector analysis revealed that GDP and DEM elevation were the dominant influencing factors, and the interaction between GDP and factors such as night-time light and population was significant, reflecting a spatial differentiation mechanism driven by the synergy of economic vitality and natural conditions.

Key words: traditional villages, spatial distribution, rural revitalization, geodetector, Hebei Province