Abstract: To provide references for improving the hybridization success rate of tartary buckwheat [Fagopyrum tataricum (L.)Gaertn.]and breeding large-grain, easy-to-thresh, high-yield tartary buckwheat varieties, the artificial emasculation hybridization method was applied. Using Yunqiao No.1 (thick-shelled) as the female parent and Mikuqiao (thin-shelled) as the male parent, hybrid offspring were obtained. Agronomic traits of the parents and the F₂ generation, including plant height, number of main stem nodes, number of primary branches, grain weight per plant, grain number per plant, thousand-grain weight, and shell type, were compared and analyzed. The results indicated that selecting female parent flowers with mature stigmas and anthers that have not yet dehisced was particularly crucial during the hybridization process. There were no significant differences in the mean values of traits between the thick-shelled F₂ population and Yunqiao No.1. Compared to Mikuqiao, the thin-shelled F₂ population showed significantly lower mean values for plant height and number of primary branches, while the mean thousand-grain weight was significantly higher. The coefficient of variations for grain weight per plant, and grain number per plant was the large among the traits in the F₂ generation. The maximum grain number per plant reached 2 577 grains for the thick-shelled type and 3 817 grains for the thin-shelled type, far exceeding the 986 grains of the female parent and the 2 035 grains of the male parent. Similarly, the grain weight per plant was also the highest, with the thick-shelled type at 49.60 g and the thin-shelled type at 45.65 g, significantly exceeding the female parent’s 18.69 g and the male parent’s 27.13 g. Through hybridization, the plant traits of both thick-shelled and thin-shelled types were improved. The maximum values for grain number per plant, and grain weight per plant were significantly increased in the thick-shelled F₂ plants, while the thin-shelled F₂ plants showed a significant increase in thousand-grain weight and a significant decrease in plant height and number of primary branches.

Key words: tartary buckwheat[Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn.], Yunqiao No.1, Mikuqiao, artificial emasculation, hybrid, F₂ generation, agronomic trait