Abstract: Based on resource and environmental constraints, the Super-Efficiency SBM-GML model was employed to measure the Agricultural Green Total Factor Productivity (AGTFP) of 30 provincial-level regions in China from 2012 to 2021, and systematically analyzed its spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors. The results indicated that China's AGTFP demonstrated an accelerating upward trend during 2012-2021, reflecting significant achievements in the green transformation of agriculture. Concurrently, while China had made continuous progress in agricultural green technologies, agricultural green technical efficiency had shown a declining trend, revealing a current tendency of “emphasizing R&D over application” in green technology promotion and suboptimal allocation of agricultural resource elements. Furthermore, the regional characteristics of AGTFP in China were primarily manifested as disparities in agricultural production zones and economic structures. Six significant positive factors (including environmental regulation intensity, etc.) and one significant negative factor (agricultural openness) were identified by applying a two-way fixed effects model to analyze multiple influencing factors. Based on these findings, policy recommendations such as promoting green agricultural transformation and optimizing the allocation of agricultural resource elements were proposed to facilitate China’s shift from extensive agricultural development to high-quality, sustainable growth.

Key words: agricultural green total factor productivity, resource and environmental constraints, SBM-GML model, spatiotemporal evolution