Effects of acidic conditioner application on salt reduction and wheat yield increase in saline-alkali land of Southern Xinjiang

doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2026.04.012

Abstract

Abstract: This study aimed to clarify the effects of applying acidic conditioners on salt reduction, growth promotion, and yield increase in saline-alkali land of southern Xinjiang, and to screen out the most suitable acidic conditioner for improving saline-alkali soil and significantly increasing wheat grain yield. A field experiment was conducted in 2024 in a heavily salinized wheat field at Hongqi Farm near Atushi City, Kizilsu Kirghiz Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang. Six treatments were established: a control check (CK), oxalic acid (OA), citric acid (CA), wood vinegar (WV), fulvic acid (FA), and mineral-source potassium fulvate (FAK). The effects of different treatments on soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), plant height, stem diameter, effective panicle number, grain number per panicle, 1 000-grain weight, and grain yield in the 0-20 cm soil layer were compared. The results showed that various acidic conditioners effectively reduced soil pH, improved the rhizosphere environment, and promoted crop growth. Among them, the citric acid treatment exhibited the most significant soil acidification effect; the fulvic acid treatment demonstrated the strongest desalination effect, showing a good salt leaching action. In terms of crop growth, the application of acidic conditioners increased wheat plant height and stem diameter, and optimized yield components. The yield-increasing effects of the fulvic acid and mineral-source potassium fulvate treatments were the most prominent, primarily achieved by increasing the effective panicle number, grain number per panicle, and 1000-grain weight. Citric acid and wood vinegar also showed certain yield-increasing potential, while the effect of oxalic acid was relatively weak. The comprehensive effects of acidic conditioners on salt reduction, growth promotion, and yield increase were in the order: fulvic acid > mineral-source potassium fulvate > wood vinegar > citric acid > oxalic acid. In the heavily saline-alkali land of Southern Xinjiang, the application of 30 kg/hm² of fulvic acid or 45 kg/hm² of mineral-source potassium fulvate significantly reduced soil salinity and increased crop yield. This technical approach had good potential for regional promotion.

Key words: saline-alkali land, acidic conditioners, salt reduction, wheat, organic acids, fulvic acid, soil chemical improvement, yield increase effect, Southern Xinjiang

CLC Number:

S512.1⁺2

ZHANG Jiang-peng, HU Gui-qing, ZHANG Wen-tai, ZHANG Guang-bin, SHUAI Wen-juan. Effects of acidic conditioner application on salt reduction and wheat yield increase in saline-alkali land of Southern Xinjiang[J]. HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2026, 65(4): 67-74.

References

[1] 刘强,袁延飞,刘一帆,等.生物炭对盐渍化土壤改良的研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2022,37(10):1005-1024.
[2] 杨劲松,姚荣江,王相平,等.中国盐渍土研究:历程、现状与展望[J].土壤学报,2022,59(1):10-27.
[3] 冯起,尹鑫卫,朱猛,等.统筹推进西北地区盐碱地综合治理利用:现状、挑战与对策建议[J].中国科学院院刊,2024,39(12):2060-2073.
[4] GUO Y R, LIU H G, GONG P, et al.Preliminary studies on how to reduce the effects of salinity[J]. Agronomy, 2022, 12(12): 3006.
[5] 田长彦,买文选,赵振勇.新疆干旱区盐碱地生态治理关键技术研究[J].生态学报,2016,36(22):7064-7068.
[6] 王斌,马兴旺,单娜娜,等.新疆盐碱地土壤改良剂的选择与应用[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(7):111-115.
[7] 姜兴梅,丁浩,唐亚莉,等.有机酸对盐碱土改良及苗期棉花生长的影响[J].农业资源与环境学报,2024,41(6):1295-1303.
[8] CHEN J X, TANG L, GUO W L, et al.Oxalic acid secretion alleviates saline-alkali stress in alfalfa by improving photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidant activity[J]. Plant physiology and biochemistry, 2024, 208: 108475.
[9] EL-SHABRAWI H M, BAKRY B A, AHMED M A, et al. Humic and oxalic acid stimulates grain yield and induces accumulation of plastidial carbohydrate metabolism enzymes in wheat grown under sandy soil conditions[J]. Agricultural sciences, 2015, 6(1): 175-185.
[10] YANG R X, SUN Z G, LIU X B, et al.Biomass composite with exogenous organic acid addition supports the growth of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor ‘Dochna’) by reducing salinity and increasing nutrient levels in coastal saline-alkaline soil[J]. Frontiers in plant science, 2023, 14: 1163195.
[11] 张敏,王广恩,李义红,等.生物炭配施木醋液对盐碱土壤养分及冬小麦耐盐能力的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2025, 44(5):1334-1342.
[12] ZHAO W, ZHAO H R, SUN X P, et al.Biochar and wood vinegar altered the composition of inorganic phosphorus bacteria community in saline-alkali soils and promoted the bioavailability of phosphorus[J]. Journal of environmental management, 2024, 370: 122501.
[13] 高婧,杨劲松,姚荣江,等.不同改良剂对滨海重度盐渍土质量和肥料利用效率的影响[J].土壤,2019,51(3):524-529.
[14] 郭亚茹. 黄腐酸施用量对盐碱土壤改良机制研究[D].新疆石河子:石河子大学,2023.
[15] 张路,吴军虎,杨晓伟,等.施加黄腐酸钾对黑垆土土壤结构的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2022,41(10):131-138.
[16] ABD ELRAHMAN S H, MOSTAFA M A M, TAHA T A, et al. Effect of different amendments on soil chemical characteristics, grain yield and elemental content of wheat plants grown on salt-affected soil irrigated with low quality water[J]. Annals of agricultural sciences, 2012, 57(2): 175-182.
[17] 梁芳源. 生物炭与木醋液对盐碱土盐离子吸附淋溶及迁移的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2023.
[18] ALSUDAYS I M, ALSHAMMARY F H, ALABDALLAH N M, et al.Applications of humic and fulvic acid under saline soil conditions to improve growth and yield in barley[J]. BMC plant biology, 2024, 24(1): 191.
[19] 鲍士旦. 土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[20] 李之霖,范燕敏,樊婕,等.化肥配施有机肥对喀什地区冬小麦产量及肥料利用率的影响[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2024,55(2):177-183.
[21] 张庆伟,艾克拜尔·伊拉洪,赵婧文,等.水肥剂一体化技术提高棉花产量和控制土壤盐分的效果[J].新疆农业科学,2018, 55(3):420-429.
[22] 张宏芝,艾孜孜·居来提,崔月,等.遮阴对南疆冬小麦光合特性和产量的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2019,56(10):1765-1771.
[23] 张济世,于波涛,张金凤,等.不同改良剂对滨海盐渍土土壤理化性质和小麦生长的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017, 23(3):704-711.
[24] 倪海峰,朱尤东,刘树堂,等.保水剂及有机酸土壤调理剂对盐碱地的改良效果及小麦产量的影响[J].山东农业科学,2020,52(4):121-125.
[25] 于晓东,郭新送,陈士更,等.腐植酸土壤调理剂对黄河三角洲盐碱土化学性状及小麦产量的影响[J].农学学报,2020,10(11):25-31.
[26] LIU X Y, YANG J S, TAO J Y, et al.Effects of the combined application of biochar and humic substances on the improvement of saline cropland in the Yellow River Delta of China[J]. Land degradation & development, 2023, 34(15): 4793-4809.
[27] SUN Y P, YANG J S, YAO R J, et al.Biochar and fulvic acid amendments mitigate negative effects of coastal saline soil and improve crop yields in a three year field trial[J]. Scientific reports, 2020, 10: 8946.
[28] ERYAN N L, GENEDY M S.Evaluation of the efficacy of mycorrhizal and potassium-humate on some physiological and agronomical characters of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) under saline soil conditions[J]. Journal of global ecology and environment, 2024, 19(3-4): 8-23.
[29] LIANG Y Y, WANG Z P, SHI Q Z, et al.The varying promotion effects of fulvic acid with different molecular weights on the enhancement of grain yield and quality of winter wheat[J]. Plant, soil and environment, 2023, 69(4): 141-151.
[30] MOSAAD I S M, SELIM E M, GAAFAR D E M, et al. Effects of humic and fulvic acids on forage production and grain quality of Triticale under various soil salinity levels[J]. Cereal research communications, 2025, 53(3): 1811-1829.
[31] YANG J H, LIU X X, FEI C Y, et al.Chemical-microbial effects of acetic acid, oxalic acid and citric acid on arsenic transformation and migration in the rhizosphere of paddy soil[J]. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 2023, 259: 115046.
[32] XIAO M, JIANG S G, LI J B, et al.Synergistic effects of bio-organic fertilizer and different soil amendments on salt reduction, soil fertility, and yield enhancement in salt-affected coastal soils[J]. Soil and tillage research, 2025, 248: 106433.
[33] 苗月,杨帆,王志春,等.酸性物质对苏打盐碱土改良的研究进展[J].中国生态农业学报(中英文),2023,31(3):373-384.
[34] 任韬宇,王朋顺,袁水含,等.基于专利和产品登记的酸性土壤调理剂创新计量分析[J].土壤,2023,55(4):860-870.
[35] 马栗炎,姚荣江,杨劲松.氮肥及黄腐酸对盐渍土有机碳和团聚体特征的调控作用[J].土壤,2020,52(1):33-39.
[36] 高惠敏,王相平,屈忠义,等.脱硫石膏与有机物料配施对河套灌区土壤改良及向日葵生长的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2020,39(8):85-92.
[37] 朱启明,王亚男,郑重,等.不同黄腐酸结构组成及其对小麦生长的影响[J].土壤通报,2024,55(1):102-112.
[38] SUN Y P,YANG J S,YAO R J,et al.Biochar and fulvic acid to activate soil fertility for achieving agro-ecology benefits in a newly reclaimed coastal wetland of China[J]. Emirates journal of food and agriculture, 2019,31(6): 459-469.
[39] ELRYS A S, ABDO A I E, ABDEL-HAMED E M W, et al. Integrative application of licorice root extract or lipoic acid with fulvic acid improves wheat production and defenses under salt stress conditions[J]. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 2020, 190: 110144.
[40] ZHANG M M, LI X Y, WANG X L, et al.Potassium fulvic acid alleviates salt stress of Citrus by regulating rhizosphere microbial community, osmotic substances and enzyme activities[J]. Frontiers in plant science, 2023, 14: 1161469.
[41] WANG J, JIN X, LIU X Y, et al.Potassium fulvate alleviates salinity and boosts oat productivity by modifying soil properties and rhizosphere microbial communities in the saline-alkali soils of the Qaidam Basin[J]. Agronomy, 2025, 15(7): 1673.