Abstract: Taking the main urban area of Aksu city as an example, the characteristics of Aksu city’s urban landscape pattern and evolution process were studied and discussed with the guidance of landscape ecology theory and the application of GIS and RS technology. The results showed that, the constructed land area and cultivated land area in Aksu city showed an increasing trend, while the unused land area and water area showed a decreasing trend, and the change of the total forest area was unstable, showing an increasing trend and then decreasing trend. In terms of the change range and change speed of landscape elements, construction land had the largest change range and the fastest change speed from 1989 to 2018; water area had the second change range and change speed; forest land, cultivated land and unused land had relatively stable change range and change speed. It shows that, in the past 30 years, the Aksu city’s expansion of construction land area is based on the conversion of unused land and forest land, which leads to the continuous expansion of urban area and the increase of urban demand for water resources, making the water area of the research area show a decreasing trend. From the point of the study area landscape level, in 1989—2018, the number of patches（NP） and patch density （PD） showed increasing trend, separating degree index （SPLIT） first increased and then reduced, Shannon diversity index （SHDI） and Shannon evenness index （SHEI） showed a trend of increasing, indicating that in the process of urban development, the degree of landscape heterogeneity and fragmentation in Aksu city increased, landscape patch richness increased, this means that the impact of human economic activity is more and more bigger.

Key words: landscape pattern, spatial temporal change, Silk Road Economic Belt, main urban area of Aksu city