Table of Content

10 February 2021, Volume 60 Issue 3

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Reviews

Research progress on the influence of pigmented rice germplasm and environmental factors on its color

HUANG Zi-xuan, XIONG Yan-zhen, MA Hui-qin, CHENG Jian-feng

2021, 60(3):  5-10.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.03.001

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Pigmented rice is one of the excellent rice germplasms and special edible taste and medicinal value due to the difference pigment components in the bran of brown rice. the pigmented rice germplasms and effects of light （light quality, light intensity and light time）, temperature, moisture, mineral elements and soil pH on their coloring were summarized, which will provide the necessary theoretical bases and technical references for the related researches and technology extensions in the future.

Research progress on chemical modification of polysaccharides and its structure identification

XIE Miao, QI Xiao-ni, WU Yang-yang, ZHANG Xin, DU Xiu-ju

2021, 60(3):  11-17.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.03.002

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Polysaccharide is a kind of biopolymer, which widely existing in nature, and possessing extensive pharmacological activities. However, not all original polysaccharides from natural products have ideal bioactivity, which depends on their structures. Chemical modification of polysaccharides will be benefit to improve their bioactivity and helpful to study their structure-activity relationship. Whether derivatives were prepared successfully or not, could be proven by Fourier transform infrared （FT-IR） spectra and Nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR spectra）. Methods of chemical modification of polysaccharide and their structural characterizations by FT-IR and Nuclear magnetic resonance NMR spectroscopy were mainly summarized in this paper in order to provide some references,promote the development of polysaccharide biology.

Breeding & Cultivation

Experimental study on rice-fish culture in low-lying saline-alkali land of Ningxia

SHI Wei, YANG Juan, YANG Ling-xia, QIU Xiao-cong

2021, 60(3):  18-21.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.03.003

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The experimental study on rice-fishing culture was carried out in 2018 to explore the effect and model of rice-fishing culture in low-lying saline-alkali land in Ningxia.Three treatments were set up in the experiments which named rice-crab （larva larva）, rice-fish （carp） and ordinary rice fields（control group）. The agronomic characters and soil pH were determined to discusse the effects of rice-fishing culture from the aspects of rice growth, development and yield in low-lying saline-alkali land.The results showed that the yield of rice with rice-crab and rice-fish culture increased by 3.9% and 6.1% respectively. The number of tillers in rice could be increased by rice-fishing culture.The leaf area of parietal trifoliate of rice was increased and the photosynthetic productivity of rice was improved obviously by rice-fishing culture. The dry matter quality of rice of rice-fishing culture was higher than that of conventional rice in jointing to panicle stage, which could promote the accumulation of dry matter in the overground of rice in each growing period, and thus promote the yield of rice. Compared with conventional rice cultivation, rice-fishing culture can reduce the pH of low-lying saline-alkaline land, which is beneficial to the growth and development of rice.

Ecological adaptability test of different millet varieties under water-permeable plastic film in arid area of middle Ningxia

LUO Shi-wu, CHENG Bing-wen, YANG Jun-xue, LI Kai

2021, 60(3):  22-24.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.03.004

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Six introduced varieties of millet （Panicum miliaceum L.） were used to carry out ecological adaptability test in arid area of central Ningxia using water-permeable film, and comparative analysis was made from growth period, agronomic characters and water use efficiency. The results showed that three excellent varieties （lines） of millet suitable for extension cultivation in this area were selected： Gu 15-5, Ning Mi 9 and Gu mi 22. It provides theoretical guidance for large-scale demonstration and popularization of new varieties of millet in arid and semi-arid areas of Ningxia.

Resource & Environment

Comparison of sensibility of different vegetation indices for monitoring drought

WANG Min

2021, 60(3):  25-30.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.03.005

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Chaohu basin was selected as study area.Normalized difference vegetation index（NDVI）,anomaly vegetation index（AVI） and vegetation condition index（VCI） were separately calculated based on monthly composite MODIS product. Precipitation anomaly percentage （Pa） derived from precipitation data of weather stations was used as reference data to estimate drought sensibility of various vegetation indices. The drought situation of the basin was analyzed by Pa, and then the correlation between vegetation indices and Pa during the drought was analyzed. Results showed that,droughts occurred in 2009 and 2013 at relatively severe extent, in which September was the most vulnerable month to drought comparing to June,July and August. The correlation between NDVI and Pa of spatial distribution was not significant, while AVI,VCI and Pa displayed relatively consistent distribution in September 2009 and September 2013. In addition, VCI was found to perform best with highest correlation coefficients across Pa among three vegetation indices,which demonstrated the highest sensibility to drought.

Study on statistical model of sub-rainfall runoff sediment yield based on the concept of physical genesis in Kuye river basin

SU Ting-ting, WU Zhi-yong, HE Hai, SUN Zhao-min

2021, 60(3):  31-37.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.03.006

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Soil erosion is serious in the gully area of Loess Plateau. In recent years, environmental changes have led to a sharp decrease in runoff and sediment in the Yellow river basin. So, it is of great significance to establish sediment yield model in the basin for the study of erosion sediment yield. In the Kuye river basin, double accumulation curve, cumulative departure curve and multivariable nonlinear regression method were applied to study the variation trend of water and sediment using hydrologic and sediment data from 1961 to 2016, and empirical models of flood aquatic product sediment in different periods were established in the basin under cushion. The results showed that the determination coefficient of the models in different periods were all more than 0.9 and the average relative error was about 30%. By simulating the field floods with different sediment yield levels in different periods, it was found that the relative error of model simulation gradually decreased with the increase in sediment yield level, and the simulation effect of model on large sediment yield events was better than that of small sediment yield events. The simulation results showed that the model performance in heavy rain was slightly better than that in medium and light rain.

Study on the fertilizer efficiency of active bio-organic fertilizer on baby cabbage under open field conditon

CHENG Yan-di, WU Hong-liang, FENG Hai-ping

2021, 60(3):  38-41.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.03.007

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To verify the application effect of the active bio-organic fertilizer produced by Ningxia Yijiayi Biotechnology Co. Ltd. on the production of baby cabbage, the experiment was carried out to study the effect of active bio-organic fertilizer on the planting of baby cabbage（Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis Olsson） under the production conditions of typical cold vegetables in Yuanzhou district and Xiji county of Ningxia. The results showed that application of active bio-organic fertilizer not only increased the yield of baby cabbage, improved the nutritional quality of vitamin C, soluble solids, soluble sugar and soluble protein, but also enriched the soil, buffering the alkaline soil environment and improving soil fertility.

Study on the effects of phytoplankton in eutrophic water around farmland by aquatic plants and Daphnia magna

ZHANG Chun-xue, WEI Xiao-cheng, WANG Han-yang, ZHENG Xiang-qun, YANG Bo

2021, 60(3):  42-49.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.03.008

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To study on the effects of phytoplankton in eutrophic water around farmland by aquatic plants and Daphnia magna, the combination of two organisms on the restoration of eutrophic water were investigated by taking Daphnia magna as the representative of filter-feeding animals, Myriophyllum aquaticum and Ceratophyllum demersum as the representatives of submerged plants. The results showed that D. magna significantly inhibited phytoplankton density, cyanobacteria density, chlorophyll-a concentration and the contents of microcystin, and the low density （25 ind/L） group had better inhibitory effects. In the late period of the test （15 d to 20 d）, the inhibitory effect was weakened. At the end of the test （20 d）, there was no significant difference in the contents of microcystins between the high density （100 ind/L） group and the control group. Similarly, both M. aquaticum and C. demersum could inhibit the increase of phytoplankton density, cyanobacteria density and chlorophyll-a concentration, and the inhibitory effect of M. aquaticum was better. However, C. demersum had non-significancant inhibition effect on the contents of microcystin. At the end of the experiment, the submerged plants and D. magna combination had stronger inhibitory effect than the single D. magna and single plant, and the combination of low-density D. magna and M. aquaticum was the best. Compared with the single D. magna treatment, the submerged plants and D. magna combination can effectively control the rise of the microcystin produced in the late stage.

Carbon effect accounting and low carbon optimization of land use structure in Huarong county

LU Hua-shan, WU Dan, MAO De-hua

2021, 60(3):  50-55.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.03.009

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In order to understand the current situation of carbon effect of land use in Huarong county and realize carbon emission reduction from the perspective of land use, the low-carbon optimization of land use structure was carried out to promote the low-carbon development of Huarong county’s economy. The carbon effect of the land use structure of Huarong county in 2006, 2012 and 2020 was estimated by mathematical measurement method, and then three optimization schemes of the low carbon land use structure at the end of the 13th Five Year Plan period were calculated by constructing the carbon effect evaluation index of the low carbon land use structure optimization and the multi-objective linear programming model. The scheme with the strongest comprehensive carbon accumulation capacity was selected as the optimal scheme. Under this low carbon scheme, 71 223.70 hm² of arable land, 8 744.80 hm² of garden land, 18 790.87 hm² of forest land, 19 569.94 hm² of other agricultural land, 14 207.55 hm² of residential land, 14 207.55 hm² of industrial and mining land, 1 329.83 hm² of land for transportation, 2 459.57 hm² of land for water conservancy facilities and 340.95 hm² of other construction land were selected. The comprehensive carbon storage of land use structure under this scheme was 514 900 tons more than that of 2020 plan, the area of garden land and forest land increased 249.12 hm² and 147.90 hm² respectively, and the area of construction land increased 155.88 hm². Under the optimized plan, the comprehensive carbon storage capacity of land use structure of Huarong county is better, which meets the requirements of low carbon economic development of Huarong county.

Isolation and anti-monoamine oxidase activity of endophytic fungi from four medicinal plants

GOU Wen-bo, YANG Zhong-duo, ZHOU Ge-ge

2021, 60(3):  56-59.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.03.010

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Endophytic fungi were isolated and identified from the roots and stems of four medicinal plants, Euphorbia pulcherrima,Salvia przewalskii, Acanthopanax senticosus and Hypericum ascyron. The anti-monoamine enzyme activity of ethyl acetate extract of fermentation product from these endophytes was screened, and chemical constituents from these endophytes were isolated by column chromatography and spectroscopy methods. The results showed that 20 endophytic fungi strains were obtained. Among them, the inhibition rate of anti-monoamine oxidase activity of SJ-2, WJ-3, HJ-1 was 83.8%, 84.2%, 71.9%, respectively. According to the colony characteristics and morphological characteristics, the endophytic fungus SJ-2 was identified as Fusarium sp., WJ-3 was identified as Penicillium sp., and HJ-1 was identified as Alternaria sp.. Three compounds, Enniatin B, Monomethylsulochrin, Fumitremorgin C were isolated from strain SJ-2.

Study on layout optimization of rural residential area based on TOPSIS model：Taking Agricultural Valley in Shanxi as an example

BAI Xue, LIU Li-wen, DUAN Yong-hong, XU Li-shuai, YANG Yong-sheng

2021, 60(3):  60-65.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.03.011

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It is of great significance to scientifically divide the types of rural residential areas and formulate corresponding optimization strategies for the optimization of spatial layout of rural residential areas in this area. Taking Agricultural Valley in Shanxi province as the research area, the spatial characteristics of rural residential area such as scale, shape and aggregation degree were analyzed by using landscape pattern index; 12 indexes including natural environment, production and life and social economy were selected to construct suitability evaluation system, and mean square error decision-making method and TOPSIS model were used to evaluate the suitability of rural residential area layout,and the corresponding optimization strategy were put forward. The results showed that the spatial distribution of rural residential areas of Agricultural Valley was scattered, and mainly distributed the area with atitude of below 900 m,slope of 2° to 15° and on east and west direction, and the area that was 2.0 km away from cultivated land, 3.0 km away from town, 1.5 km away from water source, 1.0 km away from county highway, 0.3 km away from rural road and 1.0 away from other infrastructure;The suitability of rural residential area layout was generally suitable, in which the most suitable, highly suitable, moderate suitable, low suitable and unsuitable areas accounted for 0.02%, 4.09%, 49.20%, 46.63% and 0.05% respectively; From aspects of the comprehensive evaluation results and the overall planning of Aagricultural Valley in Shanxi, three optimization strategies of relocation and merging were put forward, including the agglomeration development type, retention and upgrading type and moving type. The research results can be applied to the land management and overall planning construction of rural residential areas in this area, and can provide reference for the layout optimization of rural settlements in the same type of areas.

Horticulture & Local Products

Effects of rooting powder on growth and development of flue-cured tobacco floating seedlings

LU Ya-chun, LI Zi-lin, NIAN Fu-zhao, WEI Zhong, NONG Shi-ying, ZHAO Lei-feng, FAN Dong-sheng, LUO Gang

2021, 60(3):  66-69.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.03.012

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Cultivation of strong seedlings is a prerequisite for the production of high-quality flue-cured tobacco, there are many deficiencies in the floating seedling technology currently commonly used in China. The results showed that 25 mg rooting powder mixed with 1.1 kg substrate can improve the quality of tobacco seedlings, mainly manifested in thicker stems, increased root length, increased number of first and second side roots, and improved root vigor. On the contrary, after a certain concentration, rooting powder will reduce the quality or effect of tobacco seedlings.

Effects of exogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid on seed germination and seedling growth of cucumber under drought stress

DENG Shuo-zhen, LIU Hui-jun, WANG Hong-qin, WANG Hong-yan, ZHANG Qian-ru, ZHANG Mei

2021, 60(3):  70-74.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.03.013

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Taking Jinyun NO.5 cucumber（Cucumis sativus L.） as the test materials, the experiment was conducted to study the effects of different concentrations 5-aminolevulinic acid（5-ALA） on seed germination and seedling growth of cucumber under the condition of 20% PEG-6000 drought stress. The results showed that, drought environment seriously inhibited the germination of cucumber seeds, and different concentrations of 5-ALA can alleviate the effects of drought stress on cucumber seed germination. With the increase of 5-ALA concentration, the germination rate, germination index and vigor index of seeds first increased and then decreased. Among them, 0.5 mg/L is the best concentration. Drought environment inhibits the growth of cucumber seedlings. Appropriate concentration of 5-ALA can significantly increase the drought resistance of cucumber seedlings. At a concentration of 0.5 mg/L, the dry weight, strong seedling index, root activity, soluble sugar content, free proline content, total chlorophyll content and carotenoid content of cucumber seedlings respectively increased by 99.13%, 104.51%, 70.42%, 40.79%, 163.46%, 38.59%, 126.92% compared with the dry environment.

Effect of “chang” shape training system on yield, quality and economic benefit of table grape in Kuitun area of Xinjiang

SONG Mei, BUKA Ouerna, HUANG Min

2021, 60(3):  75-78.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.03.014

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Red globe, flame and Crimson grape were taken as experimental materials to study the effects of “chang” shape training system and dragon training system which is widely used on table grape in Xinjiang on phenophase, quality, yield and economic benefit. The results showed that, the maturation in the “chang” shape training system was earlier than dragon training system, which gained higher content of soluble solids, higher primary fruit rate and commercial fruit rate, equivalent output, and better economic benefit. The “chang” shape training system has more advantages than the dragon training system, and is suitable to be popularized and applied on table grape in Kuitun area of Xinjiang.

Effects of altitude, nitrogen application, planting density and their interaction on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco in Lichuan tobacco area

SHI Chao, YU Feng-min, SHANGGUAN Li, GAO Yan-bo

2021, 60(3):  79-85.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.03.015

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Two-year field experiment were carried out to study the effects of different nitrogen application, planting density, different altitudes on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves in Lichuan tobacco area of Enshi. The results showed that the optimum amount of nitrogen application was 97.5 kg/hm² on 1 000~1 100 m altitude, and the cultivation density was 15 150~16 650 plants/hm². On 1 100~1 200 m altitude, the cultivation density was 15 150 plants/hm² with 97.5 kg/hm² nitrogen application, but the cultivation density was 16 650 plants/hm² with 112.5 kg/hm² nitrogen application. The optimum amount of nitrogen application was 97.5 kg/hm² on 1 200~1 300 m altitude, and the cultivation density was 16 650 plants/hm². The effect of nitrogen fertilizer on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco was the greatest, followed by density, and the interaction between them was smaller. The effect of altitude on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco was next to nitrogen application amount and cultivation density. In conclusion, under the condition of 1 000~1 300 m altitude in Lichuan tobacco area of Enshi, the suitable nitrogen application amount and cultivation density were 97.5 kg/hm² and 15 150~16 650 plants/hm², respectively.

Analysis on landscape pattern changes in the Silk Road Economic Belt：A case study of the main urban area of Aksu city

MIHRIGUL Sultan, ALIMUJIANG Kasimu

2021, 60(3):  86-92.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.03.016

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Taking the main urban area of Aksu city as an example, the characteristics of Aksu city’s urban landscape pattern and evolution process were studied and discussed with the guidance of landscape ecology theory and the application of GIS and RS technology. The results showed that, the constructed land area and cultivated land area in Aksu city showed an increasing trend, while the unused land area and water area showed a decreasing trend, and the change of the total forest area was unstable, showing an increasing trend and then decreasing trend. In terms of the change range and change speed of landscape elements, construction land had the largest change range and the fastest change speed from 1989 to 2018; water area had the second change range and change speed; forest land, cultivated land and unused land had relatively stable change range and change speed. It shows that, in the past 30 years, the Aksu city’s expansion of construction land area is based on the conversion of unused land and forest land, which leads to the continuous expansion of urban area and the increase of urban demand for water resources, making the water area of the research area show a decreasing trend. From the point of the study area landscape level, in 1989—2018, the number of patches（NP） and patch density （PD） showed increasing trend, separating degree index （SPLIT） first increased and then reduced, Shannon diversity index （SHDI） and Shannon evenness index （SHEI） showed a trend of increasing, indicating that in the process of urban development, the degree of landscape heterogeneity and fragmentation in Aksu city increased, landscape patch richness increased, this means that the impact of human economic activity is more and more bigger.

Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

Effects of 2,4-Epibrassinolide on physiological characteristics of alfalfa to high temperature

HUANG Yi-long, PANG Tian-de, SHI Jing, WEI Jin-yi, YAO Na

2021, 60(3):  93-95.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.03.017

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In order to study the effects of exogenous 2,4-Epibrassinolide（EBR） on the heat tolerance of alfalfa（Medicago sativa L.）, taking alfalfa WL525 as the material, the effects of different concentrations of EBR on physiological characteristics of alfalfa under high temperature were studied. The results showed that under high temperature stress, when the concentration of EBR was 0.50 mg/L, the content of provine could be significantly increased, soluble protein loss could be slowed down, and antioxidant activity of plants could be maintained. Therefore, the heat damage of alfalfa to high temperature stress can be alleviated to a certain extent by applying exogenous EBR.

Effect of heavy metal copper stress in soil on biochemical indexes of nourishing grass No.1

ZHANG Li, ZHAO Zhong-tao, GU Jing

2021, 60(3):  96-99.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.03.018

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Using potted experiments,the effect of heavy metal copperin soil on biochemical index of nourishing grass No.1 was studied. The results showed that,with the increase of the concentration of heavy metal copper solution,total protein content and sugar content of nourishing grass No.1 were increased first and then decreased,SOD activity and POD activity showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, too. This study can be the standard of heavy metal copper content in the soil of heavy metal polluted areas in China, it provides some references for the development and utilization of nourishing grass No.1 to repair the soil polluted by heavy metal copper,lawn green space construction and planning. Key words： nourishing grass No.1; copper stress; biochemical index

Storage & Processing

Optimization extraction through Box-Behnken response surface methodology and antioxidant activity in vitro of polysaccharides from aerospace hybrid Broussonetia papyrifera leaves

YAN Dan, CAI Yan-qu, LI Tie-cheng, CHEN Bi-tian, FENG Hua-zi, ZHANG Zhi-peng

2021, 60(3):  100-105.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.03.019

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Taking the yield rate of polysaccharides as evaluation indicator, Box-Behnken response surface methodology was employed to optimize extraction technology of polysaccharides from Broussonetia papyrifera leaves by heating reflux extraction method based on single factor tests. And the antioxidant activity of polysaccharide from Broussonetia papyrifera leaves was evaluated through the scavenging capabilities of DPPH·, ABTS⁺·, ·OH and O2-· free radicals and reducing power. The results showed that the best extraction conditions were as follows： liquid ratio for 1∶40 g/mL, and extraction time for 2.5 h, extraction times 3 times. Under this condition, the yield rate of polysaccharides was （8.37±1.03）%. The crude polysaccharide and pure polysaccharide from Broussonetia papyrifera leaves had obvious effect on scavenging ability of DPPH·, ABTS⁺·, ·OH and O2-· free radicals, with IC₅₀ values of 2.62、0.067、0.94、2.07 mg/mL. And reducing power increased with the increase of polysaccharide concentration. The extraction technology of polysaccharide from Broussonetia papyrifera leaves is stable and feasible. And has good antioxidant activity in vitro, which can be used as a new antioxidants and free radical scavengers.

Study on the enzyme expression and the washing performance based on the herbal saponin extracts as substrate

LIU Yu-ting, ZHANG Yu-ting, LAN Su-gui, CHEN Yu-quan, LI Li, TAN Qiang

2021, 60(3):  106-111.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.03.020

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The Bacillus subtilis strain （CICC 23083） and Bacillus licheniformis （CICC 21085） were utilized in this study for expression of lipase, protease and pectinase in vitro using the high concentration of the saponin extracts as fermentation substrates. When the fermentation of CICC 23083 in the substrates with addition of 3% yeast paste was performed, the protease and pectinase exhibited the maximum activity of 792.6 and 4 352.9 U/mL at 32 h, respectively. When 9% sucrose was added to the substrate, the maximum activities of protease and pectinase up to 258.5 and 2 497.5 U/mL occurred at 32 h and 16 h, respectively. When the mixed fermentation with the two strains for enzyme expression was conducted in the substrates with addition of 3% yeast, the enzymatic activities of lipase, protease and pectinase reached the maximum values of 166.7, 245.8 and 4 281.6 U/mL, respectively. When further addition of 7% sucrose in the substrate was implemented, the maximum lipase activity reduced to 133.3 U/mL, while the highest activities of protease and pectinase were increased to 327.4 and 3 318.2 U/mL, respectively. Additionally, the washing performance value of the mixed-fermentation broth was increased by 11.1, 15.2 percentage points compared to that of the fermentation broths of single strain, and 22.6 percentage points compared to that of the initial saponin extract. The foam height of high concentration saponin extract didn’t change significantly before and after fermentation, and remained at （157±5） mm.

Study on extraction technology and content determination of total flavonoids from Chinese medicine Argyreia aceta Lour.

LIU Rui, MA Xiu-mei, ZHOU Jin-gen, MA Jia-bao, WEI Li-fu, CHEN Sheng-bin, ZHAO Feng-xian, CHEN Hong-xia

2021, 60(3):  112-115.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.03.021

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The total flavonoids of Argyreia aceta Lour. were extracted by reflux extraction method. The effects of extraction method, extraction solvent concentration, extraction volume and extraction time on the total flavonoids content of the medicinal materials were investigated by single factor experiment. The orthogonal test was used to optimize the extraction conditions. The best extraction process for a total flavonoid of Argyreia aceta Lour. was screened out. The results showed that the optimal extraction process of a total flavonoid of Argyreia aceta Lour. was 75% methanol, the ratio of material to liquid was 1∶30, and the reflux extraction time was 1.0 h. This method repeatability was good, the method was stable,and can effectively determine the content of total flavonoids in Argyreia aceta Lour. medicinal material, and provide a scientific basis for the quality standard research of this medicinal material.

Optimization of extraction process and determination of total flavonoids in Hypericum japonicum Thumb.

WU Bing, MO Ting-ting, LU Mei-yuan, ZENG Chao, ZHAO Feng-xian

2021, 60(3):  116-119.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.03.022

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The total flavonoids of Hypericum japonicum Thumb. was extracted by reflux extraction method. The effects of extraction method, extraction solvent concentration, extraction volume, and extraction time on the total flavonoid content of medicinal materials were investigated by single factor test. Orthogonal experiments were used to optimize the extraction process conditions and screen the best extraction technology of total flavonoids from Hypericum japonicum Thumb.. The results showed that the optimal extraction process of total flavonoids from Hypericum japonicum Thumb. was 75% ethanol, the material-liquid ratio was 1∶30（g/mL）, and the reflux extraction time was 1.0 h. This method in this experiment has good repeatability, and the method is stable and feasible,and can effectively determine the content of total flavonoids in Hypericum japonicum Thumb., and provide a certain scientific basis for the study of the quality standard of this medicinal material.

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from Rhododendron capitatum leaves

JI Ruo-wei, YANG Yang, LIN Peng-cheng

2021, 60(3):  120-124.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.03.023

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The essential oil was extracted by steam distillation, and the components of essential oil were qualitatively analyzed by GC-MS combined with GC retention index. The bacteriostatic effect of Rhododendron essential oil on 9 kinds of pathogenic bacteria was preliminarily studied by filter paper diffusion method. The results showed that 82 compounds were identified in January, 58 in June and 25 in October. The essential oil of leaf of Rhododendron capitatum has certain inhibitory effects on Micrococcus lutea, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus hemolytis-β, Bacillus subtilis and Salmonella paratyphy B. The essential oil components in the leaves of Rhododendron capitatumin different seasons are quite different, which is a reference for the development and utilization of the essential oil in the leaves of Rhododendron capitatum.

Detection Analysis

Analysis of trace elements in dandelion tea extract and the dissolution characteristics by ICP spectroscopy

LIU Bing-bing, LIU Jia, ZHANG Chen-ling, HAN Mei, JIA Na

2021, 60(3):  125-128.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.03.024

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A method for the determination of trace elements zinc, copper, manganese, lithium, nickel, lead, strontium, cadmium, iron and barium in dandelion tea extract by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry was established and the dissolution characteristics was studied. Under the optimal working conditions of ICP spectrometer, the wavelengths of the elements were chosen and the trace elements in the dandelion tea sample extract were analyzed with the recoveries of 95.7%~104.8% and relative standard deviation （RSD） of 1.0%~3.2%。The two methods of brewing and boiling had little effect on the dissolved amount of trace elements. The content of Sr in the dandelion tea extract was higher, followed by Mn and Zn, and neither Cd nor Pb was detected. The dissolved amount of trace elements in the dandelion tea extract increased linearly with the increase of brewing time. With the increase of the times of brewing, the dissolved amount of trace elements in the dandelion extract gradually decreased. After two times of brewing, the dissolution rate of Fe was 64.5%, and the dissolution rate of other trace elements was between 93.3%~100.0%.

Experimental study on quality control of Yaobath powder

LI Jin-zhou, CHEN Zi-jun, LIU Wen-jun, LU Hui-min, LIN Yu-gang, WEI Jiang-cun, CHEN Yong

2021, 60(3):  129-133.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.03.025

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The content of moisture、ash、acid insoluble ash and water-soluble extract of Yaobath powder were determined according to the general principles of “Chinese Pharmacopoeia” （Volume IV）,2015; The microscopic identification characteristics of Yaobath powder was observed, and TLC characteristics was identified. The content of β-asarone in Yaobath powder was determinated by HPLC. It was suggested that the water content in Yaobath powder should not exceed 9.00%, ash content should not exceed 10.00%, acid insoluble ash content should not exceed 1.30%, and water-soluble extract content should not be less than 19.00%. The microscopic characteristics of Albizia julibrissin Durazz、Spatholobus suberectus Dunn and Acorus tatarinowii Schott were obvious. The TLC spots were clear and negative without interference. The content of β-asarone in Yaobath powder range from 0.71% to 0.85%, RSD was 2.48%. The content of β-Asaron in Yaobath powder of different batches was basically stable. The established quality control method had good repeatability and specificity, and can be used for the quality control of Yaobath powder.

Determination of trace elements in pomegranate seed and pomegranatepeel in Lintong by flame atomic absorption spectrometry

WANG Qian

2021, 60(3):  134-136.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.03.026

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Pomegranate seed and pomegranate peel are rich in essential trace elements, whose nutritional value and medicinal value are extremely high. The samples were treated with V（HClO₄ ）∶V（HNO₃）=1∶4 mixture system,the content of six traceelements（Cu,Fe,Zn,Mg,Ca,Mn） in pomegranate seed and skin in Lintong district, Shaanxi province were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The method was rapid, simple, and withgood accuracy and high sensitivity. The relative standard deviation of 6 parallel determination were 0.55%~3.67%, and the recovery rate was from 92.57% to 105.73%. The results showed that the content of traceelements in pomegranate peel was higher than that in pomegranate seed, which provided scientific basis for the nutritional value exploration and pharmacology research of pomegranate seed and pomegranate peel in Lintong area.

Preliminary test of chemical components and determination of total flavonoids in the root of Lespedeza formosa

ZHANG Ying, FU Jing, WANG Xiao-xun, ZHONG Qiu-jie, YU Peng

2021, 60(3):  137-140.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.03.027

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The extracted mixture of the root of Lespedeza formosa from purified water, 95% ethanol and petroleum ether were studied by test-tube, chromogenic and paper reaction. Rutin as a reference substance and aluminum trichloride as chromogenic agent, the content of the total flavonoids were determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The preliminary test indicated that the root of Lespedeza formosa contained flavonoids, saccharides, polysaccharides, glycosides, organic acids, phenols, tannins and anthraquinones. The well linear ranges of rutin were 0.004~0.040 mg/mL（r=0.999 6） and the regression equation was Y=35.142 2X+0.040 645 3. The average percentage of recovery was 95.29%, the RSD was 0.65%. The total flavonoids content of 10 batches in root of Lespedeza formosa were 31.84~75.85 mg/g. The chemical components in the root of Lespedeza formosa were determined. The method of determination of the total flavonoids is stable and reliable. It provides experimental reference for developing and utilizing the root of Lespedeza formosa.

Biological Engineering

Comparison of RNA extraction methods from tomato leaves and fruits

GUO Li-wen, BAI Fu-hong, SHA Xiao-dong, ZHANG Feng-qin, WANG Lin, WANG Xiao-min

2021, 60(3):  141-144.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.03.028

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Taking tomato variety Moneymaker（MM） as the material， compared the extraction effects of three methods including kit method， Trizol method and Trizol improved method on total RNA from tomato leaves and fruits at different stages， and measured the concentration， purity and integrity of total RNA extracted samples by nucleic acid protein detector and agarose gel electrophoresis respectively. The results showed that in terms of tomato leaves， the purity of total RNA extracted by the three methods was good； Among the three methods， Trizol improved method was the most suitable method for extracting total RNA of tomato leaves. For the tomato fruits of different periods， the Huayueyang kit method had the best effect of extracting total RNA from the fruit in the green fruit stage and the color transformation stage， with the highest concentration. The cost was the highest， and the best method for extracting the mature fruit RNA was the Trizol improved method， which had the best integrity and lower cost. Functional research and other molecular biology research provide a technical basis.

Information Engineering

Research on meat pigeon food quality control system based on the perspective of production chain

LU Xing-hua, LIU Pei-hao, ZHANG Hao

2021, 60(3):  145-148.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.03.029

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Aiming at the problems of poor control effect of traditional meat pigeon food quality control system, this paper designs and proposes a meat pigeon food quality control system based on the perspective of the production chain. Combined with MySQL data management system and Tomcat server, the modules of meat pigeon food production and slaughter were designed. At the same time, the system dynamics method is used to establish a meat pigeon food quality control model based on the perspective of the production chain. The model is solved by genetic algorithms to obtain the best meat pigeon food quality control plan to complete the meat pigeon food quality control based on the perspective of the production chain. Simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively ensure the quality of meat pigeon food, and at the same time provide relevant reference basis for relevant departments.

Economy & Management

Study on the technical efficiency of wheat production in China based on stochastic frontier model

LI Zhong-cai

2021, 60(3):  149-151.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.03.030

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The cointegration theory was used to test the relationship between factors affecting wheat production and output. Thus seed cost， fertilizer cost and pesticide cost were selected as explanatory variables， the stochastic frontier model of wheat technical efficiency was established. The technical efficiency of wheat production in China from 1998 to 2017 was calculated. The technical efficiency of wheat in 1998 was 0.263 4 and 0.839 7 in 2017， showing an increasing trend， with an average of 0.591 2. This showed that the factors of production management and scientific and technological progress effectively promoted the increase of wheat production and income. The calculation showed that under the same input， the technical efficiency of wheat had a growth space of 16.03%， and the estimated value of the constant term of the regression model was positive and significant， which showed that the progress of science and technology played a continuous role in wheat production. Although the technical efficiency increased year by year， but the growth aftereffect was insufficient， the growth scope was smaller and smaller. Finally， some suggestions are put forward from the following four aspects： Planting policy， agricultural science and technology progress， the combination of agricultural production factors and planting skill training.

Study on the technical efficiency of facility tomato based on stochastic frontier model： Taking Shandong province as an example

GAO Fa-jin, LI Zhong-cai

2021, 60(3):  152-154.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.03.031

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The facility tomato industry is a major advantage industry in Shandong province， which helps the farmers to increase their income and get rid of poverty. Improving the efficiency of tomato production technology is of great practical significance to improve the quality of tomato， increase the income of vegetable farmers and reduce the poverty-stricken population. The technical efficiency of facility tomato in Shandong province was calculated by using the method of stochastic frontier model， with an average of 0.872 6. The ARMA（1，1） model was used to predict the change trend of technical efficiency of facility tomato， and the predicted results showed that the technical efficiency of protected tomato showed an increasing trend， indicating that the technical efficiency of facility tomato in Shandong province had a growth potential， but the growth potential of technical efficiency was weakened.

The optimal setting of forest crimes under the demand of ecological protection

HUAN Ji-e, MA Pei-yao

2021, 60(3):  155-160.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.03.032

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Forest has important ecological function. It is necessary to study the current situation of forest crimes responding to ecological demands. China's criminal law had set up seven kinds of forest crimes. The criminal law setting and judicial practice of forest-related crimes in China have three characteristics： Judicial normalization, regional differentiation and crime differentiation. However, at present, it can not fully respond to the needs of ecological protection in China. We should pay attention to the connection between administrative punishment and criminal punishment for forest crimes, and set up the crime of destroying the ecological environment, so as to optimize the establishment of charges and better respond to the demands of ecological protection.

Suitability evaluation of tourism endowment destinations based on GIS： A case study of Hubei province

YANG Yu-lan, TANG Jia-yao

2021, 60(3):  161-166.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.03.033

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The logarithmic fuzzy priority programming fuzzy analytic hierarchy process （LFPP-FAHP） was used to establish the evaluation index system for the development of tourism endowment destinations. With the ArcGIS software platform, using the 100 m×100 m grid as the basic unit, 25 major impact factors were selected to quantitatively evaluate the suitability of 17 cities and counties in Hubei province as tourism endowment destinations. The research showed that the suitability index range was 0.39~0.79, the median value was 0.59, and showed a good general suitability of each region in Hubei province. From the perspective of spatial distribution characteristics, the spatial distribution characteristics of the suitability of tourism endowment destinations in Hubei province were obvious, and the overall trend of the spatial distribution pattern was “three pillars” and gradually expanded outward; The spatial distribution structure presented fragmented structural features.

Research on the coordinative development of three cities in southern Shaanxi based on niche theory

YANG Ying-juan, ZHOU Xiao-ting, YANG Qian

2021, 60(3):  167-170.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.03.034

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According to the niche theory and urban niche,the comprehensive level of urban development is measured , the utilization efficiency of urban resources is measured by niche width, and the industrial similarity between cities is measured by niche overlap index. Taking three cities in southern Shaanxi（Hanzhong, Ankang and Shangluo） as the empirical objects, this study put forward the evaluation model of urban comprehensive development, calculated the niche, niche width and niche overlap index of the three cities from the perspective of niche, analyzed the competition and cooperation relationship of the three cities in southern Shaanxi. The results show that Hanzhong city is the core city of the development of southern Shaanxi urban agglomeration, the resource utilization rate of the three cities in southern Shaanxi has been gradually improved in recent years, and the industrial structure of the three cities in southern Shaanxi is highly similar, which leads to more competition among urban development. It put forward suggestions for the development of urban agglomeration in southern Shaanxi, so as to provide some theoretical reference for the overall development of the three cities in southern Shaanxi.

Evaluation of sustainable intensive utilization of cultivated land based on PSR model： Take Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region as an example

LIU Yun-xuan, ZHAO Hua-fu, WANG Jing-heng, ZHANG Shou-guo, LI Jie, ZHONG Rong

2021, 60(3):  171-178.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.03.035

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Based on combing relevant literature, the evaluation system of sustainable intensive use of cultivated land based on the “stress-state-response” （PSR） model was constructed, and taking Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region as the research area, the sustainable intensive use of cultivated land use the status quo and changing characteristics were evaluated. The results showed that the sustainable intensification index of cultivated land in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei regions increased from 2005 to 2015, but showed irregular fluctuations. The distribution of cold and hot spots in the sustainable intensive use of cultivated land showed a pattern of “hot in the central region and cold in the north and south”. The overall coordination of the system showed a stable trend from 2005 to 2015.The preliminary evaluation system of sustainable intensive use of cultivated land and its empirical evidence in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region can provide reference for the discussion of sustainable intensive use of cultivated land.

Evaluation of sustainable utilization of natural resources in the Yangtze river economic belt： Based on the improved three-dimensional ecological footprint model

ZHANG Lu, XIA Zheng-yi

2021, 60(3):  179-189.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.03.036

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Based on the three-dimensional ecological footprint model, this study selected the footprint breadth and ecological footprint depth of nine provinces and two cities in the Yangtze river economic belt from 2007 to 2017 as the research focus, and analyzed the dynamic characteristics of natural capital in the Yangtze river basin by using indicators such as utilization rate of capital flow and utilization ratio of stock flow. The results show that the three-dimensional ecological footprint of the Yangtze river economic belt is increasing, the change rate of footprint breadth and footprint depth is generally changing in the same direction, and the fluctuation gradually tends to be stable after 2015, and the footprint breadth and footprint depth continue to increase at a stable speed after rapid improvement, that is to say, the development level of the Yangtze river economic belt has reached a new level since 2013, and the stock and flow of natural resources demand is higher and increasing. The consumption patterns of flow capital and stock capital are different in different geographical environment regions. The energy consumption among regions is unbalanced and the land use among different regions is unreasonable. Cultivated land and grassland are facing severe situation.

Analysis on the path of agricultural scientific research institutes to promote the industrialization of intellectual property

ZHANG Ya-lin, WANG Wen-kui, WU Dong-mei, CHENG Si-xian, SHI Yong-qiang, MA Xiao-yan

2021, 60(3):  190-192.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.03.037

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The recent situation and problems of agricultural scientific and technological achievements in China were summarized. The entire process of agricultural intellectual property management should be strengthened. Moreover, we should strengthen the team construction of intellectual property management and promote the deep integration of scientific research institutes and enterprises, in order to promote the industrialization of intellectual property.

The construction and application of monitoring and evaluation index system of Guangxi agricultural science and technology park：From the perspective of innovation driven rural revitalization and development

SU Xiu-gang, ZENG Zhi-kang, QIN Ze-lin, MO Xiao-xiang, ZHONG Cui, YAN Lan-hai

2021, 60(3):  193-200.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.03.038

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Based on innovation drive rural revitalization of the development of Guangxi agricultural science and technology park construction demand, combined with the practical application and the literature review, taking park innovation main body as the breakthrough point, built park monitoring evaluation index system, using factor analysis and clustering analysis method to seek the internal relation and structure of its evaluation variables, tried to realize campus monitoring and evaluation simplification and enhance national strategic fit, strengthen problem oriented application. The results showed that scientific and technological innovation, output benefit, scientific and technological education, achievement demonstration and precision assistance to farmers were the main factors affecting the competitiveness of the park, among which scientific and technological innovation had the greatest influence. Relevant management departments should respond to the five types of park development, namely, innovation-led, agglomeration and high-efficiency, technology demonstration, industry-led, and sci-tech exploration, and focus on building up the weak spots.