湖北农业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (13): 39-42.doi: 10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.13.010

• 资源·环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

伏旱与土壤湿度对春玉米和冬小麦产量的影响

张红妮1,2, 张天峰2, 车向军2, 张苗苗2, 缑瑞2   

  1. 1.中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所/甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室/中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点开放实验室,兰州 730020;
    2.甘肃省庆阳市气象局,甘肃 庆阳 745000
  • 收稿日期:2019-08-13 出版日期:2020-07-10 发布日期:2020-09-03
  • 作者简介:张红妮(1966-),女,甘肃正宁人,高级工程师,主要从事农业气象观测及研究工作,(电话)13209340499(电子信箱)qxjzhn@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    CLADS2.0土壤湿度资料评估应用初步研究 (QY2019-10)

Effects of summer drought and soil humidity on spring corn and winter wheat yield

ZHANG Hong-ni1,2, ZHANG Tian-feng2, CHE Xiang-jun2, ZHANG Miao-miao2, GOU Rui2   

  1. 1. Lanzhou Institute of Arid Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration/Gansu Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Reducing Disaster/Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Reducing Disaster, China Meteorological Administration,Lanzhou 730020,China;
    2. Qingyang Meteorological Bureau, Qingyang 745000,Gansu,China
  • Received:2019-08-13 Online:2020-07-10 Published:2020-09-03

摘要: 利用甘肃省庆阳市黄土高原8个气象站1971—2018年共48年伏期降水量资料,分析了伏期降水和伏旱的空间分布特征、伏期降水的时间变化规律以及伏旱与春玉米和次年冬小麦产量的关系,用以代表黄土高原塬区董志塬上的西峰农业气象试验站1994—2018年春玉米田和1986—2015年冬小麦田伏期土壤相对湿度资料,分析了伏期土壤相对湿度与春玉米和冬小麦产量等的关系。结果表明,伏期降水量最少的是镇原气象站,为123.7 mm,次少的是环县气象站,为125.3 mm,最多的是正宁气象站,为162.5 mm, 次多的是华池气象站,为149.9 mm。伏期降水量由东向西递减。伏旱频率最高的是合水、庆城、华池,为41.7%,伏旱频率最低的是宁县,为31.1%,频率从东北向西南递减。伏期降水量20世纪70年代降水偏少,80、90年代偏多,21世纪头10年偏少,2011—2018年偏多。伏期多雨年份比伏旱年份春玉米平均单产高960.0 kg/hm2;冬小麦平均单产高1 599.0 kg/hm2。伏期土壤相对湿度大年比小年玉米平均单产高2 287.5 kg/hm2;冬小麦平均单产高705.5 kg/hm2

关键词: 伏期干旱, 土壤相对湿度, 春玉米, 冬小麦, 庆阳黄土高原

Abstract: Using the precipitation data from the eight weather stations of Qingyang LOESS plateau from 1971 to 2018, the spatial distribution characteristics of the precipitation and drought were first analyzed, and the time change laws of precipitation were analyzed. The relationship between drought, spring corn and winter wheat yield was analyzed. It is then used to represent the data of soil relative humidity in the winter wheat field from spring 1994 to 2018 and winter wheat field from 1986 to 2015 at the Xifeng Agricultural meteorological experimental station on the Dongzhi plateau in the loess plateau. The relationship between soil relative humidity and spring corn and winter wheat production is analyzed. The results showed that the lowest precipitation was 123.7 mm in Zhenyuan weather station, 125.3 mm in Huanxian weather station, 162.5 mm in Zhengning weather station, and 149.9 mm in Huachi weather station. Precipitation decreases from East to West. The highest frequency of drought is 41.7% in Heshui, Qingcheng and Huachi, and 31.1% in Ningxian county, and the frequency decreases from northeast to southwest. Precipitation was less in the 1970s, more in the 1980s and 1990s, less in the 2020s, and more in 2011—2018. The average yield of corn per hectare was 960.0 kg/hm2 higher than that of the spring of the drought; The average yield height of winter wheat is 1 599.0 kg/hm2. The average yield of maize is 2287.5 kg/hm2 higher than that of soil relative humidity. The average yield height of winter wheat is 705.5 kg/hm2.

Key words: peripheral drought, relative soil humidity, spring corn, winter wheat, Qingyang loess plateau

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