棉田间作系统的农田小气候特征及光合特性

doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.13.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探讨棉田间作系统的小气候特征,进一步研究间作系统中除棉花以外农作物的光合特性,设置了棉花间作大豆、棉花间作玉米和棉花间作甘薯3种间作处理以及棉花单作、大豆单作、玉米单作和甘薯单作4个单作处理,进行大田试验。结果表明,棉田间作及相应单作的空气相对湿度日变化趋势均表现为U形曲线,棉田间作较相应单作可提高系统内的空气相对湿度,大豆单作和玉米单作的空气湿度均高于棉花单作,而甘薯单作低于棉花单作;棉田间作及相应单作的空气温度日变化趋势总体上呈先升高后降低的趋势,棉田间作较相应单作可降低系统内的空气温度,棉花单作高于玉米单作,分别与大豆单作及甘薯单作之间差异不显著。大豆单作、玉米单作和甘薯单作均出现光合午休现象,间作模式下的大豆和甘薯的光合午休现象得到了明显的改善;净光合速率、气孔导度及蒸腾速率的变化一致,均表现为大豆单作模式>棉花间作大豆模式、甘薯单作模式>棉花间作甘薯模式、棉花间作玉米模式>玉米单作模式,胞间CO₂浓度的表现正好相反。综合来看,棉花间作甘薯模式在改善甘薯光合午休现象、降低系统内空气温度、提高空气湿度方面的优势较其他间作模式更为明显。

关键词: 棉花, 间作系统, 小气候特征, 光合特性

Abstract: The microclimatic characteristics of cotton intercropping systems were discussed, and the photosynthetic characteristics of crops except cotton in intercropping system were further studied. Three cotton intercropping treatments were designed in this study, cotton intercropping soybean, cotton intercropping maize and cotton intercropping sweet potato, which were compared with cotton monoculture, soybean monoculture, maize monoculture and sweet potato monoculture. The light intensity, air humidity and air temperature of the intercropping systems were analyzed. The results showed that the diurnal variation trend of air relative humidity in each treatment was U curve, cotton intercropping patterns could improve the air humidity compared with corresponding monoculture patterns, the air humidity of soybean monoculture and maize monoculture were higher than that of cotton monoculture, but the air humidity of sweet potato monoculture was lower than that of cotton monoculture; The trend of the daily change of air temperature in each pattern showed a tendency to increase first and then decrease, cotton intercropping patterns could decrease the air temperature than the corresponding monoculture patterns, the air temperature of cotton monoculture was higher than maize monoculture, but there were no significant differences between soybean monoculture and sweet potato monoculture. In soybean monoculture, maize monoculture and sweet potato monoculture, the phenomenon of “photosynthetic midday break” appeared. The phenomenon of “photosynthetic midday break” of soybean and sweet potato under intercropping pattern was obviously improved. The changes of net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were consistent：soybean monoculture treatment > cotton intercropping soybean treatment, sweet potato monoculture pattern > cotton intercropping sweet potato treatment, cotton intercropping maize treatment > maize monoculture treatment, but the manifestation of the concentration of intercellular CO₂ was opposite. Overall, cotton intercropping sweet potato model had more advantages than other intercropping models in improving the phenomenon of “photosynthetic midday break”, reducing the air temperature and increasing the air humidity in the system.

Key words: cotton, intercropping systems, microclimatic characteristics, photosynthetic characteristics

中图分类号:

S344.2
S562

崔爱花, 刘帅, 黄国勤. 棉田间作系统的农田小气候特征及光合特性[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2021, 60(13): 18-25.

CUI Ai-hua, LIU Shuai, HUANG Guo-qin. Microclimatic and photosynthetic characteristics of cotton field intercropping systems[J]. HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2021, 60(13): 18-25.

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