关键词: 养分投入, 土壤养分, 梨, 施肥, 利川市

Abstract: In order to understand the nutrient input and soil nutrient content of pear orchard in Lichuan city, the fertilizer input and soil nutrient content of 18 representative pear orchard producing areas in Lichuan city were investigated and analyzed. The results showed that the average total input of N, P₂O₅ and K₂O in pear orchard were 724.35, 349.80 and 382.95 kg/hm² respectively, and the nutrient input ratio of N∶P₂O₅∶K₂O was 1∶0.48∶0.53. The average input of N, P and K in fertilizer accounted for 88.40%, 89.54% and 88.44% of the total nutrient input. The average pH value of pear orchard soil was 5.12, and most of the soil was highly acidic. In the top soil of pear orchard, the content of organic matter and available phosphorus were above medium level, the content of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen was polarized, and the content of available potassium was below the middle level. With the deepening of soil layer, soil nutrient decreased, and soil nutrient content of subsoil layer was on the low side as a whole. For average yield 45 000 kg/hm² as the target of pear garden in Lichuan, N, P₂O₅ and K₂O were recommended to be 450, 225 and 450 kg/hm² respectively, and organic nutrients accounted for 30%-50% of the total nutrients. Rational fertilization according to the rule of fertilizer requirement of pear tree, the soil pH was increased by applying alkaline fertilizer such as quicklime or plant ash, the soil organic matter content was increased by applying organic fertilizer and planting grass in orchard and the depth of basal fertilizer application was 30-60 cm.

Key words: nutrient inputs, soil nutrients, pear, fertilization, Lichuan city