湖北农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (19): 59-63.doi: 10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.19.011

• 资源·环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

哈密瓜生长气象条件评价指标及主要气象灾害影响分析

胡启瑞, 李锦虎, 郭艳云, 王森, 王雪娇, 吉春容   

  1. 新疆兴农网信息中心/新疆维吾尔自治区农业气象台,乌鲁木齐 830002
  • 收稿日期:2021-09-14 出版日期:2022-10-10 发布日期:2022-11-04
  • 通讯作者: 吉春容(1983-),女,正高级工程师,主要从事农林气象灾害研究,(电子信箱)jcr83@163.com。
  • 作者简介:胡启瑞(1991-),男,甘肃武威人,工程师,硕士,主要从事农业气象灾害研究,(电话)13619900462(电子信箱)huqirui_xjxnw@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    新疆气象科学技术研究与应用开发重点项目(ZD201702)

Analysis on meteorological conditions evaluation indexes and main meteorological disasters of Hami melon growth

HU Qi-rui, LI Jin-hu, GUO Yan-yun, WANG Sen, WANG Xue-jiao, JI Chun-rong   

  1. Xinjiang Xingnong Net Information Center/Xinjiang Agro-meteorological Observatory, Urumqi 830002, China
  • Received:2021-09-14 Online:2022-10-10 Published:2022-11-04

摘要: 以新疆哈密市中熟哈密瓜(Cucumis melo var. saccharinus)为研究对象,应用1981—2020年气象数据资料、1999—2020年哈密瓜发育期资料、1961—2020年历史灾情资料,分析了哈密瓜生长的气象条件及主要气象灾害。结果表明,影响哈密瓜生长的主要气象因子有播种期、出苗期、伸蔓期的平均气温、平均最高气温和(或)平均最低气温,坐果期的气温日较差、平均相对湿度、降水量,成熟期的日照时数等。哈密瓜苗期适宜温度为18~25 ℃,日最高气温>35 ℃或日最低气温≤13 ℃对苗期生长有不利影响;果实膨大期的适宜温度为25~30 ℃;坐果期至成熟期的高温和持续降水会对哈密瓜的产量和品质造成影响。哈密瓜生长期间的主要气象灾害是苗期大风和霜冻。1999—2020年哈密市春季霜冻和大风灾害均以轻度为主。

关键词: 哈密瓜(Cucumis melo var. saccharinus), 生长发育, 气象条件, 气象灾害

Abstract: Based on meteorological data in Hami City from 1981 to 2020, developmental period data of Hami melon from 1999 to 2020, and historical disaster data from 1961 to 2020, the meteorological conditions and main meteorological disasters of mid-maturing Hami melon (Cucumis melo var. saccharinus) growth in Hami City, Xinjiang Province were analyzed. The results showed that the main meteorological factors affecting the growth of Hami melon included the average temperature, average maximum temperature and (or) average minimum temperature in sowing stage, seedling stage and vine extension stage, daily temperature range, average relative humidity and precipitation in fruit setting stage, and sunshine hours in mature stage. The optimum temperature at seedling stage was 18~25 ℃, the conditions that the daily maximum temperature was higher than 35 ℃ or the daily minimum temperature was equal to or lower than 13 ℃ had adverse effects on seedling growth. The optimum temperature at fruit expansion stage was 25~30 ℃. High temperature and continuous precipitation would affect the yield and quality of Hami melon in fruit setting stage to maturity stage. The frost and gale disasters in spring in Hami City were mainly mild from 1999 to 2020.

Key words: Hami melon(Cucumis melo var. saccharinus), growth and development, meteorological condition, meteorological disaster

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