巢湖主产鱼类典型重金属污染特征及潜在健康风险评估

doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.07.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究巢湖几种主产鱼类典型重金属含量水平、富集特征及健康风险,采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪和原子荧光光度计测定不同鱼类各组织中Cr、Cu、As、Cd、Pb和Hg的含量,并采用健康风险评价模型对重金属的潜在健康风险进行评价。结果表明,6种鱼类中各重金属含量均未超过GB 2762—2022与NY 5073—2006的限值要求;各元素的平均含量表现为Cu>Cr>As>Hg>Pb>Cd。从栖息水层来看,中下层鱼类肌肉中Cr 、Cu、As、Cd和Pb含量高于中上层,Hg含量则表现出相反的规律;从摄食习惯来看,鱼类肌肉中仅有Hg含量为肉食性>杂食性>草食性,其他5种元素均为肉食性<杂食性≤草食性;栖息水层对巢湖鱼类重金属富集的影响较摄食习惯更大。鱼类各组织对重金属表现出不同的富集规律,Cr和Pb主要富集在鱼鳞、鱼鳃和鱼骨,Cu和As主要富集在肝脏,Cd主要富集在肾脏,Hg主要富集在肌肉。肌肉中重金属的非致癌健康风险可以忽略;Pb致癌健康风险可以忽略,Cr、As和Cd致癌健康风险处于可接受水平。

关键词: 鱼类, 重金属, 含量, 污染特征, 健康风险, 评估, 巢湖

Abstract: In order to study the content levels, enrichment characteristics and health risks of typical heavy metals in the main fishes of Chaohu Lake, the contents of Cr, Cu, As, Cd, Pb and Hg in different fish tissues were measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer and atomic fluorescence spectrophotometer, and the potential health risk of heavy metals was evaluated by health risk assessment model. The results showed that the contents of six heavy metal elements in six kinds of fish of Chaohu Lake didn’t exceed the limits of contaminants according to GB 2762—2022 and NY 5073—2006. The average contents of six elements showed the law of Cu>Cr>As>Hg> Pb>Cd. From the perspective of habitat water layers, the concentrations of Cr, Cu, As, Cd and Pb in the muscles of mid-lower water layer fish were higher than those in mid-upper water layer fish, while Hg showed the reverse pattern. In terms of feeding habits, only Hg concentrations in fish muscles followed the order of carnivorous, omnivorous and herbivorous from high to low. For the other five elements, the pattern was carnivorous < omnivorous ≤ herbivorous. The effect of water layer habitat on the enrichment of heavy metals in fishes of Chaohu Lake was greater than that of feeding habits. The enrichment characteristics of heavy metals in fish tissues were various. For example Cr and Pb were mainly distributed in scales, gills and bones, Cu and As were mainly concentrated in liver, Cd was more enriched in kidney, and Hg was mainly accumulated in muscle. The results of health risk assessment showed that the non-carcinogenic health risk of the studied heavy metals in the muscle tissue of Chaohu Lake fishes could be ignored. The carcinogenic health risk of Pb was negligible, while the levels of Cr, As and Cd risk values were acceptable.

Key words: fish, heavy metal, content, pollution characteristics, health risk, assessment, Chaohu Lake

中图分类号:

X52
X171.1

吴蕾, 徐婧, 陈强, 朱魏炜, 杨满意, 陈红枫. 巢湖主产鱼类典型重金属污染特征及潜在健康风险评估[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2025, 64(7): 46-52.

WU Lei, XU Jing, CHEN Qiang, ZHU Wei-wei, YANG Man-yi, CHEN Hong-feng. Pollution characteristics and potential health risk assessment of typical heavy metals in the main fishes of Chaohu Lake[J]. HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2025, 64(7): 46-52.

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