湖北农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 64 ›› Issue (12): 47-51.doi: 10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.12.008

• 资源·环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同比例有机肥等氮替代化肥对小麦产量和氮肥利用率的影响

陈晓玲1, 邢锦城2, 方袁江1, 刘冲2, 朱小梅2, 贺亭亭2, 董静2, 何苏南2, 孙果丽2   

  1. 1.江苏省滨海县耕地质量与肥料管理站,江苏 盐城 224500;
    2.江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所,江苏 盐城 224002
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-01 发布日期:2025-12-30
  • 通讯作者: 邢锦城(1983-),男,山东枣庄人,副研究员,硕士,主要从事耐盐植物育种与土壤改良技术研究,(电子信箱)sdauxxx@163.com。
  • 作者简介:陈晓玲(1976-),女,江苏盐城人,高级农艺师,主要从事土壤肥料技术推广、新技术推广服务、农民技能培训等工作,(电子信箱)bhxcxl@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项(BE2022304)

Effects of different substitution ratios of organic fertilizer with equivalent nitrogen for chemical fertilizer on wheat yield and nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency

CHEN Xiao-ling1, XING Jin-cheng2, FANG Yuan-jiang1, LIU Chong2, ZHU Xiao-mei2, HE Ting-ting2, DONG Jing2, HE Su-nan2, SUN Guo-li2   

  1. 1. Cultivated Land Quality and Fertilizer Management Station of Binhai County, Yancheng 224500, Jiangsu, China;
    2. Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Coastal Area of Jiangsu, Yancheng 224002, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2025-09-01 Online:2025-12-30

摘要: 为提高小麦产量、肥料利用率及经济效益,通过田间试验,设置不施肥(CK)、常规施肥(CF)及10%、20%、30%、40%、100%有机肥等氮替代化肥(10% OM至100% OM)7个处理,系统评估不同替代比例对小麦产量及其构成因素、氮肥利用率和土壤理化性状的影响。结果表明,有机肥部分替代化肥处理提高了小麦穗数、穗粒数、千粒重和小麦产量,20% OM处理的小麦子粒产量最高,为570.3 kg/667 m2。10% OM至40% OM处理下,小麦子粒的全氮含量、全磷含量、全钾含量均高于CF处理。20% OM处理下氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农学效率和氮素收获指数达到最高,30% OM处理下氮肥表观利用率达到最高。与CF处理相比,施用有机肥总体上提高了土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾含量,且各指标均在100% OM处理下达到最高。土壤有机质和全氮对小麦子粒产量及其构成因子有显著促进作用。综合考虑小麦产量、氮肥利用率及土壤理化性状,20%~30%的有机肥等氮替代比例较为适宜,这有助于小麦增产,并能提升氮肥利用效率和改善土壤质量。

关键词: 比例, 有机肥等氮替代化肥, 小麦, 产量, 氮肥利用率

Abstract: To improve wheat yield, fertilizer utilization efficiency, and economic benefits, a field experiment was conducted with seven treatments, including no fertilizer (CK), conventional fertilization (CF), and 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 100% substitution of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer with equivalent nitrogen (10% OM to 100% OM). The effects of different substitution ratios on wheat yield and its components, nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency, and soil physicochemical properties were systematically evaluated. The results showed that partial substitution treatments increased spike number, grains per spike, 1000-grain weight, and wheat yield. The highest wheat grain yield of 570.3 kg/667 m; 2 was achieved under the 20% OM treatment. The total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium contents in wheat grain under the 10% OM to 40% OM treatments were higher than those under the CF treatment. The partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer, agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer, and nitrogen harvest index reached their highest values under the 20% OM treatment, while the apparent nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency was the highest under the 30% OM treatment. Compared with the CF treatment, the application of organic fertilizer generally increased the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium, with all these indicators reaching their peak under the 100% OM treatment. Soil organic matter and total nitrogen significantly promoted wheat grain yield and its components. Considering wheat yield, nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency, and soil physicochemical properties comprehensively, a substitution ratio of 20% to 30% for organic fertilizer with equivalent nitrogen was found to be appropriate, which contributed to wheat yield increase, improved nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency, and enhanced soil quality.

Key words: substitution ratio, organic fertilizer with equivalent nitrogen, wheat, yield, nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency

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