关键词: 小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）, 水肥效率, 栽培模式, 养分生产效率, 土壤硝态氮, 土壤环境风险

Abstract: In order to make efficient use of water and fertilizer inputs for wheat in the plain area of Hebei Province, four cultivation management patterns were set up, including treatment A (customary management of local farmers: N application rate of 266 kg/hm², P₂O₅ of 200 kg/hm²,with a total irrigation amount of 300 mm), treatment B (recommended management of high yield: N application rate of 220 kg/hm², P₂O₅ of 152 kg/hm², K₂O of 150 kg/hm², with a total irrigation amount of 195 mm), treatment C (high input management of water and fertilizer: N application rate of 300 kg/hm², P₂O₅ of 225 kg/hm², K₂O of 300 kg/hm², with a total irrigation amount of 270 mm), and treatment D (efficient management of water and fertilizer: N application rate of 270 kg/hm², P₂O₅ of 184 kg/hm², K₂O of 270 kg/hm², with a total irrigation amount of 215 mm), and the optimal cultivation pattern was determined by measuring the yield and nutrient utilization efficiency. The results showed that the yields of treatment C and treatment D were significantly higher than those of treatment A（P<0.05）, reaching 9 881 kg/hm² and 10 360 kg/hm², respectively, which increased by 20.2% and 26.0% compared with treatment A. The nutrient content of plants under treatments C and D was higher than that under treatments A and B, while the nutrient demand of grain did not increase along with the yield. The accumulation of soil nitrate nitrogen under treatment D was 43.15 kg/hm², which was lower than that under treatments B and C, indicating that nitrogen had been effectively transferred to plants and the risk of leaching was reduced. Considering the yield, water and fertilizer input, and environmental risks, it was suggested that the treatment D could be used as a feasible high-yield cultivation pattern.

Key words: wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), water and fertilizer efficiency, cultivation pattern, nutrient production efficiency, soil nitrate nitrogen, soil environmental risk