改性果木生物炭对石灰性土壤磷有效性及小麦生长的影响

doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2026.02.008

湖北农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 65 ›› Issue (2): 48-56.doi: 10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2026.02.008

改性果木生物炭对石灰性土壤磷有效性及小麦生长的影响

范怡璇¹, 姜文迁¹, 李泽宇¹, 王旭东¹, 张育林^1,2

1.西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌 712100;
2.农业农村部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,陕西杨凌 712100

收稿日期:2025-07-14 出版日期:2026-03-04 发布日期:2026-03-04
通讯作者: 张育林（1984-）,男,陕西武功人,副教授,主要从事旱地养分资源管理、土壤肥力提升和土壤改良研究,（电子信箱）yulinzhangbest@126.com。
作者简介:范怡璇（2004-）,女,河北邯郸人,在读本科生,专业方向为资源环境科学,（电子信箱）fanyixuan@nwafu.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金青年项目（41601324）; 陕西省科技攻关计划项目（2023NYGG011）; 陕煤集团神木红柳林矿业公司集团级科研项目（2020SMHKJ-A-J-03-02/02）

Effects of modified fruit-wood biochar on phosphorus availability in calcareous soil and wheat growth

FAN Yi-xuan¹, JIANG Wen-qian¹, LI Ze-yu¹, WANG Xu-dong¹, ZHANG Yu-lin^1,2

1. College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China

Received:2025-07-14 Published:2026-03-04 Online:2026-03-04

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了探究不同化学改性果木生物炭对石灰性土壤磷有效性及小麦生长的调控效应,优化生物炭在磷素管理中的应用策略。通过室内培养与盆栽试验,系统评估KH₂PO₄、柠檬酸和HCl改性的果木生物炭对石灰性土壤有效磷含量、小麦干重及其地上部吸磷量的影响。结果表明,在3种改性处理中,冲洗与未冲洗的生物炭速效磷含量均无显著差异,因此后续试验统一采用未冲洗生物炭。KH₂PO₄改性显著提高了生物炭的速效磷含量,施入土壤后可释放磷素,使土壤速效磷含量在14 d时达峰值并长期维持较高水平,在2.0%施用量下,40 d时出现第二次释放高峰,显示出良好的缓释特性。KH₂PO₄改性的生物炭在施用量为1.0%时效果最佳,不仅能显著提升小麦干重,还能显著增加小麦地上部吸磷量。柠檬酸和HCl改性的生物炭施入土壤后,土壤速效磷含量无明显变化。KH₂PO₄改性的生物炭更适合作为磷素缓释载体应用于石灰性土壤改良。

关键词: 改性, 果木, 生物炭, 石灰性土壤, 磷, 有效性, 小麦生长

Abstract: To investigate the regulatory effects of fruit-wood biochar modified by different chemical methods on phosphorus availability in calcareous soil and wheat growth, and to optimize the application strategy of biochar in phosphorus management, the effects of fruit-wood biochar modified by KH₂PO₄, citric acid, and HCl on the available phosphorus content in calcareous soil, the dry weight of wheat, and the phosphorus uptake in wheat shoots were systematically evaluated through an incubation experiment and a pot experiment. The results showed that among the three modified treatments, there was no significant difference in the available phosphorus content between the rinsed and unrinsed biochar, so the unrinsed biochar was uniformly used in the subsequent experiments. The modification with KH₂PO₄ significantly increased the available phosphorus content of the biochar. After application to the soil, it could release phosphorus, causing the soil available phosphorus content to reach a peak at 14 days and maintain a relatively high level for a long period. At an application rate of 2.0%, a second release peak appeared at 40 days, demonstrating a good slow-release property. The biochar modified by KH₂PO₄ showed the best effect at an application rate of 1.0%, which not only significantly increased the dry weight of wheat but also significantly enhanced the phosphorus uptake in wheat shoots. After the application of biochar modified by citric acid or HCl to the soil, there was no obvious change in the soil available phosphorus content. The biochar modified by KH₂PO₄ was more suitable as a slow-release phosphorus carrier for the amelioration of calcareous soil.

Key words: modified biochar, fruit-wood, calcareous soil, phosphorus, availability, wheat growth

中图分类号:

S158.3

范怡璇, 姜文迁, 李泽宇, 王旭东, 张育林. 改性果木生物炭对石灰性土壤磷有效性及小麦生长的影响[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2026, 65(2): 48-56.

FAN Yi-xuan, JIANG Wen-qian, LI Ze-yu, WANG Xu-dong, ZHANG Yu-lin. Effects of modified fruit-wood biochar on phosphorus availability in calcareous soil and wheat growth[J]. HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2026, 65(2): 48-56.

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改性果木生物炭对石灰性土壤磷有效性及小麦生长的影响

Effects of modified fruit-wood biochar on phosphorus availability in calcareous soil and wheat growth

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