江汉平原稻麦轮作下不同秸秆还田方式的产量与养分效应

doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2026.05.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为明确江汉平原稻麦轮作区不同秸秆还田方式对作物产量、养分吸收及土壤肥力的影响,于2015年11月至2017年10月在湖北省汉川市开展田间试验,其中,第一年度为2015年11月至2016年10月,第二年度为2016年11月至2017年10月。试验设置稻麦双季秸秆不还田（对照）、水稻秸秆还田、小麦秸秆还田和稻麦双季秸秆还田4个处理,系统测定作物产量、氮、磷、钾吸收量及土壤养分动态变化。结果表明,第二年度,秸秆还田处理提高了水稻产量,其中,稻麦双季秸秆还田处理的增产效果最为显著。在养分吸收方面,与对照处理相比,第二年度水稻季稻麦双季秸秆还田处理显著促进了水稻对氮、磷、钾素的吸收,而小麦季各处理间则无显著差异。在土壤pH和养分方面,第二年度水稻季秸秆还田处理的土壤pH均低于对照处理,且水稻季各处理的土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷及速效钾含量均高于小麦季。在稻麦轮作体系中,第二年度稻麦双季秸秆还田、小麦秸秆还田处理均能有效提升水稻产量与养分利用效率,建议在推广秸秆还田技术时,结合氮、磷、钾合理配施与水分管理措施,进一步优化还田模式,实现作物高产与土壤培肥的协同提升。

关键词: 稻麦轮作, 秸秆还田, 产量, 养分效应, 江汉平原

Abstract: To clarify the effects of different straw returning methods on crop yield, nutrient uptake and soil fertility in the rice-wheat rotation region of Jianghan Plain, a field experiment was conducted in Hanchuan City, Hubei Province from November 2015 to October 2017, in which the first year was from November 2015 to October 2016 and the second year was from November 2016 to October 2017.Four treatments were set up, including no straw returning in both rice and wheat seasons（control）, rice straw returning, wheat straw returning and straw returning in both rice and wheat seasons, and the dynamic changes of crop yield, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake and soil nutrients were systematically measured. The results showed that in the second year, straw returning treatments increased rice yield, and among them, straw returning in both rice and wheat seasons had the most significant yield-increasing effect. In terms of nutrient uptake, compared with the control treatment, straw returning in both rice and wheat seasons in the second year significantly promoted the uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by rice, while no significant difference was observed among treatments in the wheat season. In terms of soil pH and nutrients, the soil pH under straw returning treatments in the rice season of the second year was lower than that under the control treatment, and the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in all treatments in the rice season were higher than those in the wheat season. In the rice-wheat rotation system, both straw returning in both rice and wheat seasons and wheat straw returning in the second year effectively improved rice yield and nutrient use efficiency, and it was suggested that when promoting straw returning technology, rational combined application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and water management measures should be integrated to further optimize the returning mode and achieve the synergistic improvement of high crop yield and soil fertility.

Key words: rice-wheat rotation, straw returning, yield, nutrient effect, Jianghan Plain

中图分类号:

S511
S512

章彧豪, 周剑雄, 熊又升, 袁家富, 徐祥玉, 李继福, 刘威. 江汉平原稻麦轮作下不同秸秆还田方式的产量与养分效应[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2026, 65(5): 70-75.

ZHANG Yu-hao, ZHOU Jian-xiong, XIONG You-sheng, YUAN Jia-fu, XU Xiang-yu, LI Ji-fu, LIU Wei. Yield and nutrient effects of different straw returning methods under rice-wheat rotation in Jianghan Plain[J]. HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2026, 65(5): 70-75.

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