中华鳖摇头病的病原分离、鉴定及免疫应答

doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2026.06.027

湖北农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 65 ›› Issue (6): 166-173.doi: 10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2026.06.027

中华鳖摇头病的病原分离、鉴定及免疫应答

张鑫^1,2, 蔡秀红^1,2, 杨默¹, 岳士锐¹, 陈章选¹

1.淮南师范学院生物工程学院,安徽淮南 232038;
2.安徽省淮河流域水生生物疫病防控监测中心,安徽淮南 232038

收稿日期:2026-03-03 出版日期:2026-06-25 发布日期:2026-06-26
作者简介:张鑫（1987-）,男,河南商丘人,讲师,博士,研究方向为水产动物免疫学,（电话）17730168196（电子信箱）zhangxin@hnnu.edu.cn。
基金资助:
安徽省高校自然科学研究重点项目（2024AH051726）

Isolation, identification and immune response of the pathogen of Pelodiscus sinensis with head shaking disease

ZHANG Xin^1,2, CAI Xiu-hong^1,2, YANG Mo¹, YUE Shi-rui¹, CHEN Zhang-xuan¹

1. School of Biological Engineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan 232038, Anhui, China;
2. Anhui Huaihe River Basin Center for Aquatic Animal Epidemic Disease Protection and Control, Huainan 232038, Anhui, China

Received:2026-03-03 Published:2026-06-25 Online:2026-06-26

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为确定中华鳖（Pelodiscus sinensis）摇头病的病原及其致病机制,从患病中华鳖中分离纯化病原菌,并通过16S rDNA分子鉴定及柯赫氏法则验证。结果表明,该病原为蜡样芽孢杆菌（Bacillus cereus）,可诱发中华鳖典型的摇头症状,并导致肝脾充血、出血及死亡,且能从死亡个体中稳定分离。药敏试验结果表明,分离株对头孢克肟和多黏菌素B敏感,但对环丙沙星等7种水产常用抗生素表现出耐药性。宿主免疫响应分析发现,感染后中华鳖脾脏组织中补体系统及干扰素信号通路等13个免疫相关基因显著上调;基因调控网络分析进一步揭示了多通路协同的先天免疫应答机制。

关键词: 中华鳖（Pelodiscus sinensis）, 摇头病, 蜡样芽孢杆菌（Bacillus cereus）, 病原鉴定, 免疫应答

Abstract: Head shaking disease posed a significant threat to the aquaculture of Pelodiscus sinensis, yet its etiology remained unclear. This study aimed to identify the pathogen and investigate the host’s immune response. The pathogenic bacteria were isolation from diseased turtles and verified via 16S rDNA sequencing, and Koch’s postulates. The results showed that Bacillus cereus was the causative agent. Challenge assays confirmed that B. cereus infection induced the characteristic head shaking behavior, hepatic and splenic hemorrhage, and mortality, with the bacterium stably isolated from succumb hosts. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that the isolate was sensitive to cefixime and polymyxin B, but exhibited resistance to seven common antibiotics, including ciprofloxacin. Furthermore, qPCR analysis revealed that 13 immune-related genes, particularly those associated with the complement system and interferon signaling pathways, were significantly up-regulated in the spleen tissue following infection. Gene regulatory network analysis suggested that a synergistic innate immune mechanism involving multiple pathways.

Key words: Pelodiscus sinensis, head shaking disease, Bacillus cereus, pathogen identification, immune response

中图分类号:

S947.1⁺2

张鑫, 蔡秀红, 杨默, 岳士锐, 陈章选. 中华鳖摇头病的病原分离、鉴定及免疫应答[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2026, 65(6): 166-173.

ZHANG Xin, CAI Xiu-hong, YANG Mo, YUE Shi-rui, CHEN Zhang-xuan. Isolation, identification and immune response of the pathogen of Pelodiscus sinensis with head shaking disease[J]. HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2026, 65(6): 166-173.

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中华鳖摇头病的病原分离、鉴定及免疫应答

Isolation, identification and immune response of the pathogen of Pelodiscus sinensis with head shaking disease

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