昌吉回族自治州土壤剖面盐分特征及影响因素

doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2026.10.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 明确新疆昌吉回族自治州土壤剖面盐分含量分异特征及其主要影响因子,为干旱区绿洲盐渍化防控和水盐调控提供参考。以昌吉回族自治州为研究区,基于2024年426个土壤剖面点0~100 cm 5层土壤盐分含量实测数据,采用描述性统计、Kruskal-Wallis H检验、Dunn-Bonferroni多重比较、Spearman相关分析和随机森林重要性排序等方法,分析土壤盐分含量剖面变化特征及其在不同土地利用、土壤类型和地貌类型下的差异。结果表明,不同土层之间土壤盐分含量表现出20~40 cm略低、40 cm以下随土层加深而升高的中深层累积特征,各土层盐分含量均表现出强变异性。不同土地利用类型土壤盐分含量总体表现为戈壁荒漠>草地>林地>耕地;不同土壤类型中漠境盐土、灰棕漠土和草甸盐土盐分含量较高;不同地貌类型中台地盐分含量较高、山地较低。随机森林和相关性分析表明,高程对盐分含量的作用在5个土层中均位居重要性首位,重要性占比为13.68%~16.60%,并与土壤盐分含量呈显著负相关;降水量、干旱指数、蒸散发量和土壤湿度等水热因子对土壤盐分含量也具有较高贡献。昌吉回族自治州土壤盐分剖面分异受地形地貌、水热条件、土壤发生背景和人类活动共同影响,其中高程及其表征的地貌分异过程是影响0~100 cm土壤盐分含量变化的重要综合指示因子。

关键词: 土壤盐分, 剖面分异, 随机森林, 影响因素, 昌吉回族自治州

Abstract: Clarifying the differentiation characteristics of salinity in soil profiles and its major influencing factors in Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang could provide references for salinization prevention and control as well as soil water-salt regulation in arid oasis areas. Taking Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture as the study area, based on the field-measured salinity data from five soil layers within 0-100 cm depth at 426 soil profiles in 2024,descriptive statistics, Kruskal-Wallis H test, Dunn-Bonferroni multiple comparison, Spearman correlation analysis and random forest importance ranking were used to analyze the vertical variation of soil salinity and its differences among various land-use types, soil types and geomorphic types. The results showed that the soil salinity at 20-40 cm was relatively low, and the salinity increased with soil depth below 40 cm, presenting a salt accumulation feature in the middle and deep soil layers. The salinity of each soil layer exhibited strong variability. For different land-use types, soil salinity generally followed the order of Gobi desert > grassland > forestland > cultivated land. Among various soil types, desert solonchak, gray-brown desert soil and meadow solonchak had relatively high salt content. In terms of geomorphic types, the platform possessed higher salinity while mountain areas had lower values. Random forest and correlation analyses revealed that elevation ranked first in importance across all five soil layers, with contribution proportions of 13.68%-16.60%, and it was significantly negatively correlated with soil salinity. Hydrothermal factors including precipitation, aridity index, evapotranspiration and soil moisture also made considerable contributions to soil salinity. The profile differentiation of soil salinity in Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture was jointly affected by topography and geomorphology, hydrothermal conditions, soil genesis background and human activities. Among them, elevation and its characterization of the geomorphic differentiation process were important comprehensive indicators affecting the variation of soil salinity in the 0-100 cm soil layer.

Key words: soil salinity, profile differentiation, random forest, influencing factors, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture

中图分类号:

S156.4
TP79

韩晨阳, 王鹏飞, 范燕敏, 李云皓, 赵佳豪, 再努冉·吾斯曼. 昌吉回族自治州土壤剖面盐分特征及影响因素[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2026, 65(10): 77-86.

HAN Chen-yang, WANG Peng-fei, FAN Yan-min, LI Yun-hao, ZHAO Jia-hao, Zanurran Wusiman. Characteristics and influencing factors of soil profile salinity in Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture[J]. HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2026, 65(10): 77-86.

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