湖北农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 65 ›› Issue (10): 129-135.doi: 10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2026.10.019

• 药用植物 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同施肥处理对药用大黄产量、品质及土壤肥力的影响

王帆帆1, 段媛媛1, 唐涛1, 吴佳奇2, 王晓月1, 周武先1, 游景茂1   

  1. 1.湖北省农业科学院中药材研究所/农业农村部中药材生物学与栽培重点实验室/湖北省中药材规范化生产(GAP)工程研究中心,湖北 恩施 445000;
    2.湖北民族大学林学园艺学院,湖北 恩施 445000
  • 收稿日期:2026-05-26 出版日期:2026-10-25 发布日期:2026-10-23
  • 通讯作者: 游景茂,男,河南固始人,研究员,主要从事中药材栽培及病虫害绿色防控技术研究,(电子信箱)jingmaoyou@126.com。
  • 作者简介:王帆帆(1994-),女,山西长治人,助理研究员,主要从事中药材病害绿色防控技术研究,(电子信箱)wff164229@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    湖北省技术创新计划重点研发项目(2025BBB011); 湖北省道地药材产业技术体系项目(2025HBSTX4-07); 现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-21)

Effects of different fertilization treatments on the yield and quality of Rheum officinale Baill. and soil fertility

WANG Fan-fan1, DUAN Yuan-yuan1, TANG Tao1, WU Jia-qi2, WANG Xiao-yue1, ZHOU Wu-xian1, YOU Jing-mao1   

  1. 1. Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Biology and Cultivation of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Hubei Engineering Research Center for Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Enshi 445000, Hubei,China;
    2. College of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, Hubei, China
  • Received:2026-05-26 Published:2026-10-25 Online:2026-10-23

摘要: 为探究不同施肥处理对药用大黄(Rheum officinale Baill.)产量、品质及土壤肥力的影响,以药用大黄两年生子芽为试验材料,设置T1(全量化肥)、T2(化肥减量+微生物菌肥)、T3(化肥减量+钙镁磷肥)、T4(化肥减量+菌肥+钙镁磷肥)4个施肥处理,以不施肥为对照(CK),测定叶片生理指标、产量、蒽醌含量以及土壤酶活性和养分含量,并采用主成分分析法计算土壤肥力综合指数(IFI)和综合效应指数(CE)。结果表明,与对照相比,各施肥处理均显著提高了叶片叶绿素含量,降低了过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量;提高了土壤脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶和CAT活性及土壤养分含量;显著提升了药用大黄产量和总蒽醌、游离蒽醌含量。T1与T2处理在产量上无显著差异,但T2处理在提升土壤酶活性和综合肥力方面表现优良。IFI排序为T1>T2>T3>T4>CK,CE排序为T1>T2>T4>T3。各施肥处理均可提高药用大黄产量、品质及土壤肥力;T1处理下短期综合效应最高,但T2可在稳产提质的同时有效改善土壤肥力,综合效益更优,建议作为恩施州药用大黄生态种植的推荐施肥模式。

关键词: 药用大黄(Rheum officinale Baill.), 生理指标, 土壤理化性质, 土壤养分, 配施施肥

Abstract: To investigate the effects of different fertilization treatments on the yield and quality of Rheum officinale Baill. and on soil fertility, two-year-old rhizome buds of Rheum officinale were used as experimental materials. A total of four fertilization treatments were established: T1 (full rate of chemical fertilizer), T2 (reduced rate of chemical fertilizer combined with microbial fertilizer), T3 (reduced rate of chemical fertilizer combined with calcium-magnesium phosphate fertilizer), and T4 (reduced rate of chemical fertilizer combined with microbial fertilizer and calcium-magnesium phosphate fertilizer), with no fertilization as the control (CK). The leaf physiological indices, yield, anthraquinone contents, and soil enzyme activities and soil nutrient contents were determined, and principal component analysis was used to calculate the soil integrated fertility index (IFI) and the comprehensive effect index (CE) based on yield and anthraquinone content. The results showed that, compared with CK, all fertilization treatments significantly increased leaf chlorophyll content and decreased peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content; they also increased soil urease, alkaline phosphatase, sucrase, and CAT activities and soil nutrient contents; and significantly increased the yield and total and free anthraquinone contents of Rheum officinale. There was no significant difference in yield between T1 and T2, and T2 showed good performance in increasing soil enzyme activities and overall soil fertility. The IFI values followed the order T1 > T2 > T3 > T4 > CK, and the CE values followed the order T1 > T2 > T4 > T3. All fertilization treatments improved the yield and quality of Rheum officinale as well as soil fertility. Although T1 produced the highest short-term comprehensive effect, T2 maintained yield and improved quality while effectively improving soil fertility, and thus achieved better overall benefits, which was recommended as a fertilization regime for the ecological cultivation of Rheum officinale in Enshi Prefecture.

Key words: Rheum officinale Baill., physiological indices, soil physicochemical properties, soil nutrients, combined fertilization

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