短期烤烟-玉米轮作对土壤酶活性、微生物群落结构及物质代谢的影响

doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.10.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以武陵山区山地黄棕壤为研究对象,设置烤烟连作（KKK）、烤烟-玉米-烤烟轮作（KYK）、玉米-烤烟-玉米轮作（YKY）和玉米连作（YYY）4个处理,探究短期烤烟-玉米轮作对土壤化学性质、酶活性、微生物群落结构及物质代谢的影响。结果表明,轮作处理对土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾和有机质含量无显著影响,但显著改变了土壤酶活性,其中,KYK处理显著提高了纤维素酶活性,而YKY处理显著降低了脲酶、蔗糖酶活性。微生物群落分析显示,轮作改变了细菌和真菌的群落结构和多样性,KYK处理提高了酸杆菌门和放线菌门的相对丰度,而YKY处理提高了拟杆菌门和变形菌门的相对丰度;真菌群落中,轮作处理提高了子囊菌门和被孢霉门的相对丰度。代谢组学分析表明,KYK处理显著增加二萜类化合物和脂肪酰胺含量。相关性分析显示,蔗糖酶活性与细菌多样性呈正相关,糖类代谢产物与微生物群落结构密切相关。短期烤烟-玉米轮作能通过调节土壤酶活性、微生物群落结构及物质代谢来缓解连作障碍,有助于推动武陵山区烟粮生产的协同与可持续发展。

关键词: 短期, 烤烟-玉米轮作, 土壤酶活性, 微生物群落结构, 物质代谢

Abstract: Mountainous yellow-brown soil in the Wuling Mountain area was studied with four treatments: continuous flue-cured tobacco cropping(KKK), flue-cured tobacco-maize-flue-cured tobacco rotation(KYK), maize-flue-cured tobacco-maize rotation (YKY), and continuous maize cropping(YYY), to investigate the effects of short-term flue-cured tobacco-maize rotation on soil chemical properties, enzyme activities, microbial community structure, and substance metabolism. The results showed that rotation treatments had no significant effects on soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, or organic matter content, but significantly altered soil enzyme activities. The KYK treatment significantly increased cellulase activity, whereas the YKY treatment significantly decreased urease and sucrase activities. Analysis of the microbial community structure indicated that rotation altered the community structure and diversity of bacteria and fungi. The KYK treatment increased the relative abundance of Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria, while the YKY treatment elevated the abundance of Bacteroidota and Proteobacteria. In fungal communities, rotation treatments increased the relative abundance of Ascomycota and Mortierellomycota. Metabolomic analysis revealed that the KYK treatment significantly increased the contents of diterpenoids and fatty acid amides. Correlation analysis demonstrated a positive relationship between sucrase activity and bacterial diversity, and carbohydrate metabolites were closely associated with the microbial community structure. Short-term flue-cured tobacco-maize rotation could alleviate continuous cropping obstacles by regulating soil enzyme activities, microbial community structure, and substance metabolism, thereby promoting the coordinated and sustainable development of tobacco and grain production in the Wuling Mountain area.

Key words: short-term, flue-cured tobacco-maize rotation, soil enzyme activities, microbial community structure, substance metabolism

中图分类号:

S158

徐大兵, 孙玉晓, 夏鹏亮, 陶永乐, 周剑雄, 赵书军, 黎妍妍. 短期烤烟-玉米轮作对土壤酶活性、微生物群落结构及物质代谢的影响[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2025, 64(10): 27-36.

XU Da-bing, SUN Yu-xiao, XIA Peng-liang, TAO Yong-le, ZHOU Jian-xiong, ZHAO Shu-jun, LI Yan-yan. Effects of short-term flue-cured tobacco-maize rotation on soil enzyme activities, microbial community structure, and substance metabolism[J]. HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2025, 64(10): 27-36.

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