湖北农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 64 ›› Issue (8): 35-41.doi: 10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.08.006

• 育种·栽培 • 上一篇    下一篇

全生育期增温胁迫鉴定评价粳稻种质资源耐热性

勒思, 涂夯, 胡佳晓, 刘进, 周慧颖, 孟冰欣, 余丽琴, 黎毛毛   

  1. 江西省农业科学院水稻研究所/水稻国家工程研究中心(南昌)/江西省农作物种质资源研究中心,南昌 330200
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-15 出版日期:2025-08-25 发布日期:2025-09-12
  • 通讯作者: 黎毛毛,研究员,博士,主要从事水稻遗传育种和种质资源创制研究,(电子信箱)lmm3056@163.com。
  • 作者简介:勒 思(1996-),女,江西南昌人,研究实习员,硕士,主要从事农作物种质资源保存与鉴定评价研究,(电子信箱)lesi529@163.com;
  • 基金资助:
    江西省重大科技研发专项(20232ACF01001); 国家重点研发计划资助项目(2021YFD1200500; 2021YFD1200501-7); 江西省自然科学基金项目(20232BAB205036)

Identification and evaluation of thermotolerance in japonica rice germplasm resources under whole growth period warming stress

LE Si, TU Hang, HU Jia-xiao, LIU Jin, ZHOU Hui-ying, MENG Bing-xin, YU Li-qin, LI Mao-mao   

  1. Rice Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Research Center for Rice (Nanchang)/Jiangxi Research Center of Crop Germplasm Resources, Nanchang 330200,China
  • Received:2025-05-15 Published:2025-08-25 Online:2025-09-12

摘要: 为探究粳稻种质资源产量和外观品质对增温的响应特性,筛选耐热粳稻种质资源,以前期鉴定筛选的365份粳稻核心种质为试验材料,以常规大田为对照环境,利用人工温棚进行全生育期增温处理,测定株高、产量构成因素和外观品质性状。结果表明,与对照相比,全生育期增温处理加快了粳稻生长发育进程,生育期显著缩短,分蘖数显著减少;成熟期有效穗数、一次枝梗数、结实率和千粒重均显著或极显著降低,粒宽和粒厚变大,长宽比减小,子粒短圆;外观品质劣化,垩白粒率和垩白度均显著增加,子粒透明度显著降低。不同产量因素对增温胁迫响应程度不同,且不同粳稻品种耐热性也存在明显差异,利用有效穗数、结实率、垩白粒率、垩白度等耐热关键响应指标和综合耐热系数鉴定筛选出了10份综合性状优良的强耐热粳稻种质。

关键词: 粳稻, 种质资源, 全生育期增温胁迫, 产量, 外观品质, 耐热性

Abstract: In order to explore the response of yield and appearance quality of Japonica rice germplasm resources to temperature increase and screen out thermotolerance germplasm resources of Japonica rice, 365 core germplasms of Japonica rice from the research in the early stage were used as experimental materials, and the conventional field was used as the control. The artificial greenhouse was used to increase the temperature during the whole growth period, and the plant height, yield components and appearance quality traits of Japonica rice were measured. The results showed that, compared with the control, the growth and development process of Japonica rice was accelerated, the growth period was significantly shortened, and the tiller number was significantly reduced under the whole growth period warming stress. At maturity, under the whole growth period warming stress, the effective panicle number, the primary branch number, seed setting rate and thousand-grain weight decreased significantly or extremely significantly, the grain width and grain thickness increased, the length-width ratio decreased, and the grain was short and round. Compared with the control, the appearance quality deteriorated, the chalky rice rate and chalkiness degree increased significantly, and the grain transparency decreased significantly under the whole growth period warming stress. In addition, it was also found that different yield factors had different responses to warming stress, and the thermotolerance of different Japonica rice varieties was also significantly different. Ten strong thermotolerance Japonica rice germplasms with excellent comprehensive traits were identified and screened by using the key thermotolerance response indexes such as effective panicle number, seed setting rate, chalky rice rate and chalkiness degree, as well as the comprehensive heat tolerance coefficient.

Key words: japonica rice, germplasm resource, warming stress during whole growth period, yield, appearance quality, thermotolerance

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