北疆小麦×玉米诱导小麦单倍体育种技术究初报

doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2026.07.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为总结出一套适用于北疆麦区小麦×玉米诱导小麦单倍体的技术体系,选用3份冬小麦F₁材料和 3份春小麦F₁材料作为母本,引进不同类型的早熟型甜糯玉米作为父本进行授粉诱导小麦产生单倍体胚,研究玉米在温室大棚中不同播期下诱导不同基因型小麦杂交穗的结实率及单倍体胚得率之间的差异。结果表明,在温室大棚条件下,冬小麦与玉米杂交可在5月中下旬,春小麦与玉米杂交可在5月下旬至6月上旬,持续时间在7~14 d,玉米花粉较充足,可采用“滚粉法”授粉,杂交穗的结实率达18.82%~76.14%,得胚率达1.41%~20.00%,配合力均表现为白甜糯>甜糯208-B3>万糯。授粉1次小麦平均结实率为39.79%,平均得胚率为6.68%,授粉2次小麦平均结实率为53.91%,平均得胚率为10.77%,授粉2次能明显提高结实率和得胚率;发育饱满的颖果平均得胚率为5.84%,是干瘪颖果的2.17倍。

关键词: 小麦(Triticum aestivum L.), 玉米（Zea mays L.）, 远缘杂交, 单倍体, 育种技术, 结实率, 得胚率, 北疆

Abstract: To establish a technical system for inducing wheat haploids via wheat-maize hybridization suitable for the Northern Xinjiang wheat-growing region, three winter wheat F₁ hybrids and three spring wheat F₁ hybrids were selected as female parents, and early-maturing sweet-waxy maize varieties of different types were introduced as male parents for pollination to induce haploid embryo formation in wheat. The difference of seed setting rate and haploid embryo recovery rate of different genotypes of wheat induced by maize under different sowing dates in the greenhouse was studied. The results showed that under greenhouse cultivation, the hybridization period for winter wheat and maize was mid-to-late May, while that for spring wheat and maize ranged from late May to early June, with a suitable duration of 7-14 days when sufficient maize pollen was available. The pollen rolling pollination method was applicable in this period. The seed setting rate of hybrid combinations ranged from 18.82% to 76.14%, and the embryo recovery rate was 1.41%-20.00%. The combining ability was ranked as Baitiannuo > Tiannuo 208-B3 > Wannuo. The average seed setting rate and average embryo recovery rate reached 39.79% and 6.68% with single pollination, respectively, while those increased to 53.91% and 10.77% with double pollination, indicating that double pollination significantly increased seed setting rate and embryo recovery rate. The average embryo recovery rate of plump hybrid caryopses was 5.84%, which was 2.17 times higher than that of shrivelled caryopses.

Key words: wheat(Triticum aestivum L.), maize (Zea mays L.), distant hybridization, haploid, breeding technology, seed setting rate, embryo recovery rate, Northern Xinjiang

中图分类号:

曾天云, 朱昱, 李慧琴, 张文涛, 郭总总, 王乾, 林霞. 北疆小麦×玉米诱导小麦单倍体育种技术究初报[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2026, 65(7): 6-11.

ZENG Tian-yun, ZHU Yu, LI Hui-qin, ZHANG Wen-tao, GUO Zong-zong, WANG Qian, LIN Xia. Preliminary study on wheat × maize induced haploid breeding technology in Northern Xinjiang[J]. HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2026, 65(7): 6-11.

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