生物炭与有机肥对风沙土根际养分含量及玉米生长的影响

doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2026.01.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为揭示生物炭与有机肥施入对风沙土的改良效果,以玉米（Zea mays L.）为研究对象,梨树枝生物炭与鸡粪有机肥为材料,设置9个处理,分别为CK（未施用生物炭和有机肥对照）、增施生物炭处理（1、4、20 t/hm²）、增施有机肥处理（1、4、20 t/hm²）、配施处理（4 t/hm²生物炭+4 t/hm²有机肥、4 t/hm²生物炭+ 8 t/hm²有机肥）,分析玉米在不同生长期（苗期、拔节期、灌浆期、抽穗期、成熟期）根际土壤有机碳、碱解氮、有效磷含量以及株高、茎粗、根长的变化特征。结果表明,生物炭处理（20 t/hm²）和有机肥处理（20 t/hm²）分别使苗期和抽穗期玉米根际土壤有机碳含量显著提高,增幅分别为28.79%和36.21%;施用生物炭与有机肥对玉米各生育期株高、茎粗、根长及根尖成熟区细胞分化有促进作用,成熟区根尖径向直径、木质部导管数量及直径明显提高。相关性分析结果显示,生物炭施用量与根际土壤有机碳、碱解氮含量呈显著正相关（P<0.05）;有机肥施用量与有效磷含量、玉米茎粗呈显著正相关（P<0.05）。

关键词: 玉米（Zea mays L.）, 风沙土, 生物炭, 有机肥, 根际土壤, 养分含量

Abstract: To investigate the effects of biochar and organic fertilizer application on the improvement of aeolian sandy soil, a study was conducted using maize (Zea mays L.) as the test crop, with pear branch-derived biochar and chicken manure organic fertilizer as amendments. Nine treatments were established: CK (control, without biochar and organic fertilizer), biochar application (1, 4, 20 t/hm²), organic fertilizer application (1, 4, 20 t/hm²), and combined applications (4 t/hm² biochar + 4 t/hm² organic fertilizer, 4 t/hm² biochar + 8 t/hm² organic fertilizer). The contents of organic carbon, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, and available phosphorus in rhizosphere soil, and the variation characteristics of plant height, stem diameter, and root length at different growth stages (seedling, jointing, filling, heading, and maturity stages) were analyzed. The results showed that the application of biochar (20 t/hm²) and organic fertilizer (20 t/hm²) significantly increased rhizosphere soil organic carbon content at the seedling and heading stages, with increases of 28.79% and 36.21%, respectively. The application of biochar and organic fertilizer promoted plant height, stem diameter, root length, and cell differentiation in the root tip maturation zone across all growth stages. The radial diameter of root tips, and the number and diameter of xylem vessels in the maturation zone were significantly enhanced. The results of correlation analysis showed that biochar application rate was significantly positively correlated with rhizosphere soil organic carbon and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content (P<0.05). The application amount of organic fertilizer was significantly positively correlated with available phosphorus content and corn stem diameter (P<0.05).

Key words: corn (Zea mays L.), aeolian sandy soil, biochar, organic fertilizer, rhizosphere soil, nutrient content

中图分类号:

S156.99
S513

孙博研, 王耀锋. 生物炭与有机肥对风沙土根际养分含量及玉米生长的影响[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2026, 65(1): 48-53.

SUN Bo-yan, WANG Yao-feng. Effects of biochar and organic fertilizer on rhizosphere nutrient content and maize growth in aeolian sandy soil[J]. HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2026, 65(1): 48-53.

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