湖北农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 65 ›› Issue (3): 59-63.doi: 10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2026.03.009

• 资源·环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同类型腐植酸配合优化施肥对小麦-玉米轮作体系产量及构成的影响

程爱珍1, 韩亚迪1, 刘家鑫1, 张洁2, 郭景丽2, 叶优良1, 闫军营3, 赵亚南1, 黄玉芳1, 胡生良4   

  1. 1.河南农业大学资源与环境学院,郑州 450046;
    2.河南省心连心化学工业集团股份有限公司,河南 新乡 453700;
    3.河南省土壤肥料站,郑州 450002;
    4.延津县农业农村局,河南 新乡 453200
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-13 出版日期:2026-03-25 发布日期:2026-04-09
  • 通讯作者: 黄玉芳(1972-),女,山东泰安人,高级实验师,硕士,主要从事养分资源管理研究,(电子信箱)huangyufang@henau.edu.cn;胡生良(1981-),男,河南延津人,农艺师,主要从事基层农技推广工作,(电子信箱)shengliang@163.com。
  • 作者简介:程爱珍(2000-),女,河南洛阳人,在读硕士研究生,研究方向为养分管理与土壤改良,(电子信箱)2401742408@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1901005-4); 国家社会科学基金项目(25BGL200)

Effects of combined application of different types of humic acid with optimized fertilization on yield and its components in a wheat-maize rotation system

CHENG Ai-zhen1, HAN Ya-di1, LIU Jia-xin1, ZHANG Jie2, GUO Jing-li2, YE You-liang1, YAN Jun-ying3, ZHAO Ya-nan1, HUANG Yu-fang1, HU Sheng-liang4   

  1. 1. College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China;
    2. Henan Xinlianxin Chemical Industry Group Co., Ltd., Xinxiang 453700, Henan, China;
    3. Henan Soil and Fertilizer Station, Zhengzhou 450002, China;
    4. Yanjin County Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau, Xinxiang 453200, Henan, China
  • Received:2025-10-13 Published:2026-03-25 Online:2026-04-09

摘要: 为探究不同类型腐植酸与优化施肥协同对作物产量的调控作用,于2022—2024年在河南省新乡市潮土区开展冬小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)-夏玉米(Zea mays L.)轮作田间定位试验,设置常规施肥(T1)、优化施肥(T2)及优化施肥分别配施微活化腐植酸(T3)、腐植酸有机物料(T4)和腐植酸钾(T5)5个处理。结果表明,T3 、 T4 处理下小麦2年产量高于其他处理,T5 处理下玉米2年产量高于其他处理。2年平均结果表明,T3、T4处理在提高小麦穗数方面效果最为显著;T5处理在玉米穗粒数和千粒重2项产量构成因子上均高于其他处理,表现稳定且最优。小麦高产主要依赖穗数的增加,而玉米高产则需协同优化穗数、行粒数与穗长等关键性状,二者在产量形成机制上存在差异。综上,优化施肥配施腐植酸可协同实现化肥减量与增产增效,其中,小麦以配施微活化腐植酸或腐植酸有机物料为最佳,玉米则以配施腐植酸钾为最佳。

关键词: 腐植酸, 优化施肥, 小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)-玉米(Zea mays L.)轮作, 配施, 产量, 构成

Abstract: To investigate the synergistic regulatory effects of different types of humic acid combined with optimized fertilization on crop yield, a fixed-site field experiment with a winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)-summer maize(Zea mays L.) rotation was conducted from 2022 to 2024 in the fluvo-aquic soil area of Xinxiang County, Henan Province. Five treatments were established, including conventional fertilization (T1), optimized fertilization (T2), and optimized fertilization combined with micro-activated humic acid (T3), humic acid organic material (T4), or potassium humate (T5), respectively. The results showed that wheat yield over the two years was higher under the T3 and T4 treatments than under other treatments, while maize yield was higher under the T5 treatment. The two-year average results indicated that the T3 and T4 treatments were most effective in increasing wheat spike number. The T5 treatment resulted in higher maize kernel number per ear and 1000-kernel weight compared to other treatments, showing stable and optimal performance. High yield in wheat mainly relied on the increase in spike number, whereas achieving high yield in maize required the synergistic optimization of key traits such as ear number, kernels per row, and ear length, indicating differences in yield formation mechanisms between the two crops. In conclusion, the combined application of optimized fertilization with humic acid synergistically achieved fertilizer reduction along with increased yield and efficiency. The optimal combination for wheat was optimized fertilization with micro-activated humic acid or humic acid organic material, while for maize, it was optimized fertilization with potassium humate.

Key words: humic acid, optimized fertilization, wheat-maize rotation, combined application, yield, components

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