湖北农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 65 ›› Issue (1): 54-58.doi: 10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2026.01.010

• 资源·环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

优化施肥对甘薯经济产出、偏生产力及品质的影响

李思雨1, 韦薇1, 扶艳艳2, 李笑媛1, 夏赛1, 吴旭1, 李旭1, 鲁耀2   

  1. 1.红河哈尼族彝族自治州农业科学院,云南 蒙自 661100;
    2.云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所,昆明 650506
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-07 出版日期:2026-01-25 发布日期:2026-02-10
  • 通讯作者: 扶艳艳(1984-),女,河南信阳人,助理研究员,主要从事植物营养与土壤肥料研究,(电子信箱)411791715@qq.com。
  • 作者简介:李思雨(1989-),女,云南大理人,高级农艺师,主要从事土壤肥料及耕地质量保护研究,(电子信箱)506706618@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1901504); 2024年中央耕地保护与质量提升项目

Effects of optimized fertilization on the economic output, partial productivity and quality of sweet potato

LI Si-yu1, WEI Wei1, FU Yan-yan2, LI Xiao-yuan1, XIA Sai1, WU Xu1, LI Xu1, LU Yao2   

  1. 1. Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mengzi 661100, Yunnan, China;
    2.Institute of Agricultural Environmental Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650506, China
  • Received:2025-05-07 Published:2026-01-25 Online:2026-02-10

摘要: 以甘薯(Ipomoea batatas L.)为供试材料,设置4个处理,分别为CK(习惯施化肥)、T1(习惯施化肥+微生物菌剂+腐殖酸水溶肥+有机肥)、T2(习惯施化肥减量10%+微生物菌剂+腐殖酸水溶肥+有机肥)、T3(习惯施化肥减量20%+微生物菌剂+腐殖酸水溶肥+有机肥),考察不同施肥对甘薯农艺性状、经济产出、偏生产力及关键品质指标的影响,以筛选出优化施肥方案。结果表明,与CK相比,T1、T2、T3甘薯产量、产值均增加,但净收益仅T3增加,比CK增加12 875.4元/hm2;T1、T2、T3甘薯无机化肥偏生产力分别比CK增加2.56%、18.41%、52.26%,而总肥料偏生产力降低,T3与CK差异最小;T1、T2、T3薯块粗纤维含量极显著高于CK(P<0.01),提高了33.33%~36.67%,T3淀粉含量极显著高于其他处理(P<0.01),提高了8.40%~12.66%,而可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖含量均低于CK。综合各指标来看,最优施肥方案为习惯施化肥减量20%+微生物菌剂+腐殖酸水溶肥+有机肥。

关键词: 甘薯(Ipomoea batatas L.), 优化施肥, 经济产出, 偏生产力, 品质

Abstract: Using sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) as the test materials, four treatments were set up: CK (conventional application of chemical fertilizer), T1 (conventional application of chemical fertilizer + microbial agent + humic acid water-soluble fertilizer + organic fertilizer), T2 (10% reduction of the conventional application of chemical fertilizer + microbial agent + humic acid water-soluble fertilizer + organic fertilizer), T3 (20% reduction of the conventional application of chemical fertilizer + microbial agent + humic acid water-soluble fertilizer + organic fertilizer). The effects of different fertilization treatments on the agronomic traits, economic output, partial productivity, and key quality indicators of sweet potatoes were investigated to identify the optimal fertilization strategy. The results showed that compared with CK, the yields and output values of sweet potatoes in T1, T2 and T3 increased, but only T3 showed an increase in net income, which was 12 875.4 yuan/hm2 higher than CK. The partial productivity of inorganic chemical fertilizer in T1, T2, and T3 increased by 2.56%, 18.41%, and 52.26%, respectively, compared with CK, while the partial productivity of total fertilizer decreased, with the smallest difference observed between T3 and CK. The crude fiber content in tubers of T1, T2, and T3 was extremely significantly higher than that of CK(P<0.01), increasing by 33.33%-36.67%. The starch content in T3 was extremely significantly higher than that in the other treatments(P<0.01), increasing by 8.40%-12.66%, while the soluble protein and soluble sugar contents were lower than those in CK. Based on a comprehensive evaluation of all indicators, the optimal fertilization strategy was the 20% reduction in conventional chemical fertilizer combined with microbial inoculant, humic acid water-soluble fertilizer, and organic fertilizer.

Key words: sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.), optimized fertilization, economic output, partial productivity, quality

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