湖北农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 65 ›› Issue (4): 75-80.doi: 10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2026.04.013

• 资源·环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同脂肪含量菜子饼肥对烟叶油分及质量的影响

陈玲婷1, 徐圣凯1, 杨艳华2, 孙光伟2, 冯吉2, 尹刚华3, 陈振国2, 邓建强4, 佀国涵1   

  1. 1.湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所,武汉 430064;
    2.湖北省烟草科学研究院,武汉 430030;
    3.湖北省烟草公司宜昌市公司,湖北 宜昌 443000;
    4.湖北省烟草公司恩施州公司,湖北 恩施 445000
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-10 出版日期:2026-04-25 发布日期:2026-05-06
  • 通讯作者: 佀国涵(1981-),河南濮阳人,男,副研究员,博士,主要从事土壤肥力与养分循环研究,(电子信箱)siguoh@qq.com。
  • 作者简介:陈玲婷(2002-),女,广东梅州人,在读硕士研究生,研究方向为土壤生态,(电子信箱)770691233@qq.com;陈振国(1975-),河南汝州人,男,高级农艺师,博士,主要从事烟草栽培与调制技术研究, (电子信箱)hbskys1@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    湖北省烟草公司科技项目(2023KY3CGJSXJ1B004)

Effects of rapeseed cake fertilizers with different fat contents on tobacco leaf oil content and quality

CHEN Ling-ting1, XU Sheng-kai1, YANG Yan-hua2, SUN Guang-wei2, FENG Ji2, YIN Gang-hua3, CHEN Zhen-guo2, DENG Jian-qiang4, SI Guo-han1   

  1. 1. Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China;
    2. Tobacco Research Institute of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, China;
    3. Yichang Branch, Hubei Tobacco Company, Yichang 443000, Hubei, China;
    4. Enshi Branch, Hubei Tobacco Company, Enshi 445000, Hubei, China
  • Received:2025-11-10 Published:2026-04-25 Online:2026-05-06

摘要: 为了探究不同脂肪含量菜子饼肥对烟叶油分及质量的影响,以云烟 87 为材料,设置常规施肥(CF)及配施低(LFB)、中(MFB)、高(HFB)脂肪含量菜子饼肥处理。于打顶期和成熟期测定烟叶光合色素含量、腺毛密度、石油醚提取物含量等指标,并分析烤后烟叶西柏三烯二醇含量和高级脂肪酸相对含量,综合评估其经济价值。结果表明,相较于CF,菜子饼肥处理(LFB、MFB、HFB)可以增加烟叶光合色素含量,其中,打顶期高脂肪含量菜子饼肥处理的烟叶光合色素含量最高,但在成熟期其光合色素含量低于低、中脂肪含量菜子饼肥处理。中脂肪含量菜子饼肥提高烟叶中部、下部叶片的腺毛密度,增加上部叶片石油醚提取物含量,并提升烤后中部叶片中西柏三烯二醇含量及豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸等有益饱和脂肪酸相对含量,从而改善感官品质,提高上等烟率和均价。高脂肪含量菜子饼肥提高上部叶片的腺毛密度,增加打顶期中部叶片石油醚提取物含量、烤后烟叶西柏三烯二醇含量,提高烟叶产量和产值。综上,施用中、高脂肪含量菜子饼肥是实现烟叶优质生产、替代常规化肥的一种可行有机施肥策略。

关键词: 脂肪含量, 菜子饼肥, 烟叶, 油分, 质量, 有机肥

Abstract: To investigate the effects of rapeseed cake fertilizers with different fat contents on the oil content and quality of tobacco leaves, a field experiment was conducted using the cultivar Yunyan 87. Treatments included conventional fertilization (CF) and combined applications of rapeseed cake fertilizers with low (LFB), medium (MFB), and high (HFB) fat contents. Photosynthetic pigment contents, glandular trichome density, and petroleum ether extract content in tobacco leaves were measured at the topping and mature stages. The cembrenediol content and the relative content of higher fatty acids in cured tobacco leaves were also analyzed to comprehensively evaluate their economic value. The results showed that compared with CF, the rapeseed cake fertilizer treatments (LFB, MFB, HFB) increased the photosynthetic pigment contents in tobacco leaves. Among these, the high fat-content rapeseed cake fertilizer treatment resulted in the highest photosynthetic pigment content at the topping stage, but its content was lower than that of the low fat-content rapeseed cake fertilizer and medium fat-content rapeseed cake fertilizer treatments at the mature stage. The medium fat-content rapeseed cake fertilizer increased the glandular trichome density in middle and lower tobacco leaves, enhanced the petroleum ether extract content in upper leaves, and elevated the cembrenediol content and the relative contents of saturated fatty acids (myristic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid) in cured middle leaves. This led to improved sensory quality and increased proportions of high-grade tobacco leaves and average price. The high fat-content rapeseed cake fertilizer increased the glandular trichome density in upper leaves, boosted the petroleum ether extract content in middle leaves at the topping stage and the cembrenediol content in cured tobacco leaves, and enhanced the yield and output value of tobacco leaves. In conclusion, the application of medium fat-content rapeseed cake fertilizer and high fat-content rapeseed cake fertilizer was a feasible organic fertilization strategy for achieving high-quality production of tobacco leaves and substituting conventional chemical fertilizers.

Key words: fat content, rapeseed cake fertilizer, tobacco leaf, oil content, quality, organic fertilizer

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