间作蒲公英对苹果园土壤肥力、酶活性及微生物群落结构的影响

doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2026.07.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了探明果园间作蒲公英（Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz.）对土壤微生态环境及系统活力的调控效应,以甘肃省庆阳市庆城县苹果园为对象,设置清耕（CK）与间作蒲公英（PGY）处理,系统测定土壤理化性质、酶活性及微生物群落特征。结果表明,从幼果期至采收后,清耕区有效磷和速效钾含量均呈显著下降趋势,间作区速效钾含量呈显著下降趋势,全氮、全磷、碱解氮、有效磷及有机质含量均呈显著上升趋势。间作蒲公英有效维持了过氧化氢酶、脲酶、酸性磷酸酶等关键土壤酶活性的相对稳定。微生物群落分析显示,间作蒲公英有效维持了果园土壤细菌与真菌群落丰富度（ACE和Chao1）的相对稳定,显著促进裂壳菌属（Schizothecium）等有益菌群的增殖,并抑制小球腔菌属（Leptosphaeria）、周刺座霉属（Volutella）等潜在土传病原菌的富集。Mantel检验与相关性分析表明,土壤速效养分与酶活性是驱动微生物群落演替的关键环境因子。综上,间作蒲公英通过改善根际水热条件、持续输入外源有机质及拓宽微生物生态位,有效缓解了长期清耕导致的土壤功能退化与连作障碍风险。

关键词: 间作蒲公英, 苹果园, 土壤肥力, 酶活性, 微生物, 群落结构

Abstract: To elucidate the regulatory effects of orchard intercropping dandelion（Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz.） on the soil micro-ecological environment and system vitality, this study was conducted in an apple orchard in Qingcheng County, Qingyang City, Gansu Province. Clean cultivation (CK) and intercropping dandelion (PGY) treatments were established, and soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, and microbial community characteristics were systematically determined. The results showed that from the young fruit stage to post-harvest, the available phosphorus and readily available potassium contents in the clean cultivation plot exhibited a significant decreasing trend; in the intercropping plot, the readily available potassium content exhibited a significant decreasing trend, whereas the total nitrogen, total phosphorus, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and organic matter contents all exhibited significant increasing trends compared with those at the young fruit stage. Intercropping dandelion effectively maintained the relative stability of the activities of key soil enzymes, including catalase, urease, and acid phosphatase. Microbial community analysis revealed that intercropping dandelion effectively maintained the relative stability of bacterial and fungal community richness (ACE and Chao1 indices) in the orchard soil, significantly promoted the proliferation of beneficial microbial groups such as Schizothecium, and suppressed the enrichment of potentially soil-borne pathogenic genera such as Leptosphaeria and Volutella. The Mantel test and correlation analysis indicated that soil readily available nutrients and enzyme activities were the key environmental factors driving the succession of microbial communities. In summary, intercropping dandelion effectively alleviated the risks of soil functional degradation and continuous cropping obstacles caused by long-term clean cultivation by ameliorating rhizosphere hydrothermal conditions, continuously supplying exogenous organic matter, and broadening microbial niches.

Key words: intercropping dandelion, apple orchard, soil fertility, enzyme activity, microorganism, community structure

中图分类号:

S158.3

田琪, 武金水, 李甜, 席明攀, 张鼎君, 胡春艳, 曹挥. 间作蒲公英对苹果园土壤肥力、酶活性及微生物群落结构的影响[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2026, 65(7): 32-42.

TIAN Qi, WU Jin-shui, LI Tian, XI Ming-pan, ZHANG Ding-jun, HU Chun-yan, CAO Hui. Effects of intercropping dandelion on soil fertility, enzyme activities, and microbial community structure in apple orchards[J]. HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2026, 65(7): 32-42.

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