Abstract: Using the adjacent grid-like method, 10 plots of 100 m×100 m were set up in the main stream of Tarim river, the quantitative characteristics of Populus euphratica population were analyzed from the aspects of the diameter structure, static life table and distribution pattern of the population, and spatial distribution pattern. The results showed that according to the analysis of the diameter-level structure, the number of young Populus euphratica in the mainstream of the Tarim River was relatively high in the population （Ⅰ~Ⅱ class was 33.47%）, belonging to the growth population. In the static life table, the mortality rates of Populus euphratica Ⅰ~Ⅱ class was as high as 39% and 50%, respectively, and the life expectancy of Populus euphratica Ⅲ class was the highest, which was 10.04. The distribution pattern of Populus euphratica population was cluster distribution. The aggregation intensity of Populus euphratica population in the main stream was upstream<midstream<downstream, and the aggregate intensity of Populus euphratica population was about the same in the horizontal stream of 3 000 m.

Key words: Populus euphratica, population structure, static life table, distribution pattern