Abstract: Rural water environment pollution control is a complex system engineering. The public goods attribute of the environment and the complexity of pollution control require the establishment of a network system with the participation of multiple subjects. On the basis of discussing the theoretical characteristics of network governance and the practical needs of pollution governance, this study attempted to design the network governance structure framework of rural water environment pollution, and analyzed the difficulties faced by rural water environment pollution governance from three aspects： Value objectives, main responsibilities and mechanism guarantee from the perspective of network governance. It is found that there are governance difficulties in rural water environment pollution control, such as inconsistent governance objectives of multiple subjects such as government, market and society, unclear governance responsibilities, and imperfect construction of participation consultation mechanism and guarantee mechanism. Based on the analysis of the dilemma, the countermeasures of rural water environment pollution control are explored from the aspects of cultivating the concept of multiple co-governance, clarifying the main governance rights and responsibilities and perfecting the network governance mechanism.

Key words: rural water environment, pollution control, network governance