Abstract: From the perspective of population aging, taking peasant household entrepreneurship as the research object and using the data of China labor dynamics survey （CLDS） in 2016, the Logit regression model was constructed. Two key variables, namely, willingness to migrate for work and Internet use, which had important influence on peasant household entrepreneurship, were introduced as intermediary variables and moderating variables respectively. The influence mechanism of population aging on peasant household entrepreneurship was explored. The results showed that the aging of population could significantly inhibit the entrepreneurship of peasant households and the willingness of rural households to work outside their homes. The willingness to work outside their homes played a partial intermediary role in the relationship between population aging and peasant household entrepreneurship. Internet use had a moderating effect on the relationship between population aging and peasant household entrepreneurship, and internet use weakened the inhibition effect of aging on peasant household entrepreneurship. After the robustness test by changing the empirical model and reducing the sample, the conclusion was still valid. According to the heterogeneity analysis by group, education level and social network level, the inhibition effect of population aging on peasant household entrepreneurship was heterogeneous under different education level and social network level. To this end, it was necessary to strengthen the construction of rural networks, encourage more migrant workers to return to the countryside and stay in the countryside to find employment and start businesses, provide talent support for rural revitalization, and jointly build a beautiful, rich and happy countryside.

Key words: population aging, peasant household entrepreneurship, willingness of rural households to work outside, internet use