Abstract: This study theoretically analyzed the impact mechanism of rural population aging on income and structure from different sources, and made an empirical test by using the panel data of 13 prefecture level cities in Jiangsu province from 2009 to 2019. The study found that the population aging had an impact on the income structure of rural residents in Jiangsu province. The rise of the aging rate inhibited the acquisition of wage income, operating income and property income of rural residents, but it was accompanied by the increase of transfer income; After adding the adjustment variable of regional economic development level, it was found that economic growth helped to alleviate the negative impact of aging on rural residents’ income; Jiangsu province was further divided into three regions： Southern Jiangsu, Central Jiangsu and Northern Jiangsu. It was found that due to the differences in regional economic development, there were regional differences in the impact of aging on the income of rural residents, but it would have a negative impact on the income of farmers as a whole. The research provides policy enlightenment for promoting the growth of regional farmers’ income and realizing the goal of common prosperity under the background of population aging.

Key words: population aging, rural residents, income from different sources, income structure, Jiangsu province