Abstract: Starting from the perspective of government transformation and innovation of government-society relationship, the SWOT analysis method was used to analyze the internal advantages, internal disadvantages, external opportunities and external threats of the three typical cooperation modes, namely, market-based cooperation, socialized cooperation, and public participation cooperation, in watershed environmental governance, and based on the SWOT analysis matrix, it explicitly proposed operational strategies such as promoting the formation of a seller’s market for watershed environmental governance services, building a “dual river chief system” action network, and empowering social organizations to act as aggregators and promoters of public welfare cooperation. These strategies aimed to construct an efficiency-enhancing model for government-society cooperation in watershed environmental governance, thereby achieving sustainable development through collaborative governance.

Key words: government, social organizations, watershed environmental governance, SWOT analysis