Abstract: In order to explore the scale of dairy farming, the benefits and costs of retail farming and large-scale dairy farming from 2004 to 2018 were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the cost profit margin of individual dairy farming was higher, but its operation risk and the labor cost were the highest, and the selling price of the main products was low. The scale effect of medium and large-scale dairy farming had not appeared for the time being, but in the long run, medium and large-scale dairy farming would become a development trend and should be vigorously supported. Therefore, it was suggested to actively support the transformation of retail investors to small-scale dairy farming, guide the development of the moderate scale, and plan the development toward medium and large-scale dairy farming in the medium and long term, so as to save costs and increase efficiency.

Key words: dairy cattle breeding, cost profit margin, moderate scale