Abstract: Based on the panel data of China longitudinal aging social survey in 2014 and 2016, the random effect Logit model was used to explore the impact of two-way intergenerational support on the spiritual poverty of the elderly in urban and rural areas. The results show that the economic support, instrumental support and parental instrumental support will increase the spiritual poverty of the elderly, the meeting between parental economic support and emotional support can reduce the spiritual poverty of the elderly, while telephone conversation has no significant impact on the spiritual poverty of the elderly. The comparative analysis between urban and rural areas shows that the economic support from the offspring to the parents has a greater impact on the spiritual poverty of the elderly in urban areas; Calling will increase the spiritual poverty of the elderly in urban areas, but will reduce the spiritual poverty of the elderly in rural areas. To sum up, two-way instrumental support will increase spiritual poverty of the elderly, two-way emotional support will reduce spiritual poverty of the elderly, economic support from children to their parents will increase spiritual poverty of the elderly, while economic support from parents to their children will reduce spiritual poverty, and the impact of two-way intergenerational support on urban and rural elderly is different.

Key words: intergenerational support, urban and rural areas, the elderly, spiritual poverty