Abstract: Based on the perspective of sustainable livelihood theory, the dynamic identification indicators of poverty alleviation risks of poverty alleviation households were integrated, and their identification performance was investigated from the two aspects of identification scale and identification accuracy. Villages with outstanding achievements in poverty alleviation were selected to carry out micro investigation, and case study methods were used for empirical analysis. The results showed that the lower the level of sustainable livelihood, the higher the risk of returning to poverty of poverty alleviation households, and vice versa; the stronger the path dependence of poverty alleviation households, the higher the risk of returning to poverty of poverty alleviation households, and vice versa; using the two-dimensional indicators of sustainable livelihood and the risk of returning to poverty, the greater the risk of returning to poverty, the greater the identification performance （degree, scale） of poverty alleviation households, and vice versa. According to the conclusion, the monitoring mechanism was designed to further improve the monitoring and early warning index system of the risk of returning to poverty, so as to improve the “active” identification and dynamic monitoring ability.

Key words: poverty alleviation households, sustainable livelihood, the risk of returning to poverty, dynamic identification, southern Xinjiang