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Table of Content

    25 October 2025, Volume 64 Issue 10
    Breeding & Cultivation
    Comprehensive evaluation of 126 rice germplasm resources under natural high temperature conditions
    WANG Ting-bao, LIU Gang, QIU Dong-feng, ZHU Ye-bao, ZHANG Zai-jun, HE Yong, LIU Zhi-en, ZHANG Shi-qian, LIU Yao-wei, TIAN Zhi-hong
    2025, 64(10):  1-9.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.10.001
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    The heat tolerance evaluation and phenotypic traits analysis of 126 rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasm resources were carried out by using the natural high-temperature conditions in Jingzhou City, Hubei Province and Sanming City, Fujian Province in 2022. The results demonstrated that grain width exhibited a highly significant positive correlation with seed-setting rate and 1 000-grain weight under natural high-temperature, indicating that grain width mgiht play an important role in heat tolerance. The coefficients of variation of spike number, grain number per spike, length-width ratio and seed setting rate were large, and the genetic diversity was rich, which had great potential for utilization. A total of 40 heat-resistant germplasms, 44 suspected susceptible germplasms and 42 heat-sensitive germplasms were identified by heat resistance evaluation. Cluster analysis further divided the materials into four groups, and the third group was outstanding in grain width, seed setting rate and 1 000-grain weight. The selected heat-resistant germplasm resources could be used to improve existing varieties or as donor materials for mining new heat-resistant genes, which provided an important material basis and theoretical basis for rice heat-resistant breeding.
    Comprehensive evaluation of agronomic traits and yield components of 52 early-maturing cotton lines
    YAN Zhen-hua, HUANG Xiao-li, DAI Bao-sheng, ZHANG Hua-chong, ZHAO Shu-qi, ZHANG Xin, LI Wei
    2025, 64(10):  10-15.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.10.002
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    In order to screen lines with superior comprehensive traits, 10 agronomic traits of 52 early-maturing cotton lines were comprehensively evaluated using methods of variability, correlation, principal component, and cluster analysis. The results showed that lint yield, seed cotton yield, plant height, and number of bolls per plant all exhibited moderate genetic variation characteristics, were relatively susceptible to environmental influences, and demonstrated strong plasticity. Lint yield showed a highly significant positive correlation with plant height, lint percentage, and seed cotton yield, and a significant positive correlation with growth period and the number of bolls per plant. Cluster analysis categorized the lines into three groups: Group Ⅰ consisted of 11 lines, accounting for 21.15% of the total materials; Group Ⅱ consisted of 25 lines, accounting for 48.08%; Group Ⅲ consisted of 16 lines, accounting for 30.77%. Principal component analysis extracted four principal components, with a cumulative contribution rate of 79.06%. Principal Component 1 was mainly associated with yield-related traits; Principal Component 2 was primarily related to boll setting factors; Principal Component 3 was chiefly connected to seed cotton yield factors; Principal Component 4 could be understood as the fruit branch factor. Based on comprehensive scores, 10 lines with excellent performance were identified, among which Line 1 performed the best.
    Effects of exogenous melatonin on seed germination and seedling physiology characteristics of wheat under copper stress
    WU Xiu-ning, DANG Wen-li, LIU Mei, YAN Yu-song, ZHAO Wei, ZHANG Jun
    2025, 64(10):  16-20.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.10.003
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    In order to clarify the regulatory effect of melatonin on the tolerance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under copper (Cu) stress at germination stage, Shangmai 1619 and Xiaoyan 15 were used as experimental materials to determine the changes of seed germination indexes and seedling physiological indexes under different Cu stress intensities (100 and 150 μmol/L) after different concentrations (0, 50, 100 and 1 000 μmol/L) of melatonin priming. The results showed that with the increase of exogenous melatonin, the germination potential, germination rate, bud length, root length, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) in the seedings of the two wheat varieties increased first and then decreased, and the malonaldehyde (MDA) content of the seedlings decreased first and then increased. The membership function analysis showed that, under 100 μmol/L Cu2+ stress, the comprehensive evaluation value of 100 μmol/L melatonin treatment was the highest, followed by 50 μmol/L melatonin; under 150 μmol/L Cu2+ stress, the comprehensive evaluation value of 50 μmol/L melatonin treatment was the highest, followed by 100 μmol/L melatonin. In summary, 50 and 100 μmol/L melatonin had better mitigation effects on relieving Cu stress under 100 and 150 μmol/L in wheat.
    Resource & Environment
    Effects of side-depth fertilization with reduced nitrogen application on growth, yield and economic benefit of rice
    LI Jia-ying, SI Guo-han, PENG Cheng-lin, ZHAO Shu-jun, YU Yong, REN Wen-hai, KE Mei-zhi, WU Jun
    2025, 64(10):  21-26.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.10.004
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    In order to guide the rational fertilization of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under the condition of mechanical side-deep fertilization, the effects of mechanical side-depth fertilization with reduced nitrogen application on rice growth, yield and economic benefit were studied with Fengliangyouxiang No.1 as material. A total of four different mechanical fertilization treatments were established: conventional broadcast fertilization (control), side-deep fertilization with no nitrogen reduction, side-deep fertilization with a 10% nitrogen reduction, and side-deep fertilization with a 20% nitrogen reduction. The results showed that,compared with control, the number of tillers, total root length, total root surface area, total root volume, number of root tips, number of rootbranches, 1 000 grain weight, eflective panicles, above-ground dry weight, total plant dry weight, and theoretical yield all significantly increased. The number of tillers was increased by 50.7%-59.0% and 17.8%-41.1% at the tillering stage and jointing stage, respectively, compared with the control. At tillering stage, the above-ground dry weight, root dry weight and total plant dry weight of side-deep fertilization were increased by 33.8%-57.4%, 18.2%-27.3% and 30.0%-52.5%, respectively, compared with control. The actual yield was increased by 1.7%-8.6% compared with control. Under the condition of side-depth fertilization, nitrogen partial productivity and total nutrient partial productivity increased gradually with the decrease of nitrogen application rate. The total root length, total root surface area, total root volume and rootbranches number of 20% nitrogen reduction treatment were significantly higher than that of side-deep fertilization with no nitrogen reduction, but the difference was not significant compared with 10% nitrogen reduction treatment. The benefit of side-depth fertilization with a 20% nitrogen reduction treatment was the highest, reaching 17 868.0 yuan/hm2, which was 1 852.5 yuan/hm2 higher than that of control.
    Effects of short-term flue-cured tobacco-maize rotation on soil enzyme activities, microbial community structure, and substance metabolism
    XU Da-bing, SUN Yu-xiao, XIA Peng-liang, TAO Yong-le, ZHOU Jian-xiong, ZHAO Shu-jun, LI Yan-yan
    2025, 64(10):  27-36.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.10.005
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    Mountainous yellow-brown soil in the Wuling Mountain area was studied with four treatments: continuous flue-cured tobacco cropping(KKK), flue-cured tobacco-maize-flue-cured tobacco rotation(KYK), maize-flue-cured tobacco-maize rotation (YKY), and continuous maize cropping(YYY), to investigate the effects of short-term flue-cured tobacco-maize rotation on soil chemical properties, enzyme activities, microbial community structure, and substance metabolism. The results showed that rotation treatments had no significant effects on soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, or organic matter content, but significantly altered soil enzyme activities. The KYK treatment significantly increased cellulase activity, whereas the YKY treatment significantly decreased urease and sucrase activities. Analysis of the microbial community structure indicated that rotation altered the community structure and diversity of bacteria and fungi. The KYK treatment increased the relative abundance of Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria, while the YKY treatment elevated the abundance of Bacteroidota and Proteobacteria. In fungal communities, rotation treatments increased the relative abundance of Ascomycota and Mortierellomycota. Metabolomic analysis revealed that the KYK treatment significantly increased the contents of diterpenoids and fatty acid amides. Correlation analysis demonstrated a positive relationship between sucrase activity and bacterial diversity, and carbohydrate metabolites were closely associated with the microbial community structure. Short-term flue-cured tobacco-maize rotation could alleviate continuous cropping obstacles by regulating soil enzyme activities, microbial community structure, and substance metabolism, thereby promoting the coordinated and sustainable development of tobacco and grain production in the Wuling Mountain area.
    Effects of intercropping with vegetable soybean and grain soybean on the yield of Nanfeng tangerine and soil fertility
    SONG Hui-jie, WU Yan, HU Dan-dan, CHEN Xiao, HU Zhi-hua, XU Xiao-lin, LIU Kai-lou, KANG Feng
    2025, 64(10):  37-40.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.10.006
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    A Nanfeng tangerine (Yangxiao-26) orchard in the red soil hilly region of Jiangxi Province was used as the research object. Vegetable soybean (B1) and grain soybean (B2) were intercropped between tree rows, with no intercropping (CK) as the control, to investigate the changes in citrus yield, sweetness, soybean yield, economic benefits, and soil fertility under different treatments. The results showed that regarding yield and economic benefits, the citrus yields of B1 and B2 treatments significantly increased by 12.96% and 9.60%, respectively, compared with the CK treatment, but there was no significant difference between the two intercropping treatments. The economic returns significantly increased by 34.96% and 14.42%, respectively, and the B1 treatment was significantly higher than the B2 treatment. Regarding fruit quality, the citrus sweetness of B1 and B2 treatments significantly increased by 24.30% and 11.23%, respectively, compared with CK, and the B1 treatment was significantly higher than the B2 treatment. Regarding soil properties, both B1 and B2 treatments increased soil pH and organic matter content to some extent, but the effects were not significant. The B1 and B2 treatments had no significant effects on the total nitrogen, total phosphorus, or total potassium content in the soil.Both B1 and B2 treatments were conducive to increasing the soil available nutrient content, optimizing the aggregate composition, and improving soil quality.Intercropping with either vegetable soybean or grain soybean increased citrus yield and improved soil fertility, and either could be selected based on production needs.
    Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizosphere soil of Salvia miltiorrhiza at different cultivation years
    LI Li, PENG Dian, YANG Hao, LIU Rui-bo
    2025, 64(10):  41-48.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.10.007
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    To investigate the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the continuous cropping obstacles of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, a sequencing library was constructed using a two-round PCR amplification approach with AMF-specific primers, and the community structure and diversity of AMF in the rhizosphere soil of wild, two-year-old, and five-year-old S. miltiorrhiza plants were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that the root system of S. miltiorrhiza had obvious mycelium, vesicle and spore structures. The mycorrhizal infestation rate of two-year old and five-year old S. miltiorrhiza root systems was significantly higher than that of wild S. miltiorrhiza, and the spore density was significantly lower than that of wild S. miltiorrhiza. A total of 77 AMF species from 7 families and 7 genera were identified from all the samples, and Glomus was the absolutely dominant genus in the AMF community, accounting for 87.94% of the total. Redundancy analysis (RDA) and distance-based redundancy analysis (db-RDA) revealed significant differences in both α-diversity and community composition of AMF between the rhizosphere soil of two-year-old cultivated S. miltiorrhiza and that of wild or five-year-old cultivated plants. Alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and total nitrogen were identified as key factors influencing AMF community diversity and structure, respectively. Correlation analysis revealed that soil total nitrogen content was significantly positively correlated with the Shannon diversity index, the ACE index, and the number of OTUs. Alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content showed significant positive correlations with the ACE index and the number of OTUs. The relative abundance of Glomus was significantly positively correlated with the Pielou evenness index and the Shannon diversity index, but significantly negatively correlated with available phosphorus content. In conclusion, the micro-ecological environment of the five-year-old S. miltiorrhiza rhizosphere soil was similar to that of the wild sample. Furthermore, nitrogen was identified as the primary soil factor influencing AMF diversity and community structure, while available phosphorus was the key factor affecting the distribution of Glomus.
    Systematic analysis of the interactive relationship between soil and water conservation and soil erosion: An empirical study based on the framework of coupled coordination mechanism
    LIU Xin-sheng, HUANG Xiu-fang
    2025, 64(10):  49-53.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.10.008
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    To further explore the dynamic relationship between soil and water conservation measures and soil erosion processes, a coupled coordination model was introduced to empirically analyze the bidirectional feedback relationship between the two. The results showed that in the area of returning farmland to forests, every 10% increase in vegetation coverage could reduce soil erosion modulus by 15% to 20%. By constructing terraced fields and adjusting the slope gradient, the intensity of surface runoff could be significantly reduced, resulting in a 40% to 60% decrease in slope velocity. The coupling coordination analysis further revealed that in 2013, the study area showed synchronous development for the first time, and in 2022, the coupling coordination degree reached high-quality coordination, indicating a gradual trend toward synergistic development between water and soil conservation and soil erosion. Thus, it could be concluded that the reasonable implementation of soil and water conservation measures could not only effectively reduce soil erosion, but also narrow its impact range, providing scientific support for ecological restoration and environmental governance.
    Spatio-temporal evolution and driving factors of landscape ecological risks in the Yellow River Basin (Henan section)
    YAN Xiao-wei
    2025, 64(10):  54-60.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.10.009
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    It was of great significance to explore the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and driving mechanism of landscape ecological risks in the Yellow River Basin (Henan section) to promote the ecological protection and sustainable development of the basin. Based on multi-period land use data, a landscape ecological risk assessment model was constructed using the landscape pattern index to analyze the spatio-temporal variation of landscape ecological risk in the basin. The driving factors of landscape ecological risk were analyzed using a geographic detector. The results showed that from 1990 to 2020, the overall landscape pattern in the study area was characterized by reduced fragmentation, decreased heterogeneity, more regular patch shapes, and a more balanced distribution of landscape elements. The risk levels in the study area were predominantly medium-low and medium, indicating a general improvement in landscape ecological risk. Ecological risk showed a tendency to decrease over time in the western regions, while it increased in the mid-eastern region. Natural factors had a greater impact on landscape ecological risk than social factors, with rainfall and elevation being the primary influencing factors. The interaction of factors significantly enhanced the spatial differentiation characteristics of landscape ecological risk.
    Delimitation method of cultivated land remediation zoning based on entropy weight TOPSIS and XGBoost algorithms
    DOU Shao-hua, DU Shun-ji
    2025, 64(10):  61-68.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.10.010
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    Taking the current cultivated land plots as the evaluation units, an evaluation index system for cultivated land quality was constructed based on three influencing factors: natural endowment, location conditions, and cultivated land contiguity. The comprehensive scores of the current cultivated land plots were calculated using the entropy-weighted TOPSIS method. Subsequently, the XGBoost algorithm was employed to train the evaluation indicators and comprehensive score data of the current cultivated land, thereby building a predictive model. By applying the evaluation indicator data of restorable cultivated land plots and this predictive model, the comprehensive scores of restorable cultivated land plots could be quickly and accurately obtained. Finally, the local spatial autocorrelation method was used to quantitatively analyze the spatial clustering characteristics of the comprehensive evaluation results, and the matrix method was applied to determine the delineation of cultivated land consolidation zones. The results indicated that the most influential indicators in the comprehensive evaluation index system for cultivated land quality in Panyu District were soil pH level, cultivated land contiguity, and soil texture level. The predictive model constructed using the XGBoost algorithm achieved an R2 of 99.94%, demonstrating excellent predictive performance and verifying the accuracy of the entropy-weighted TOPSIS algorithm in weight determination. The total area of restorable cultivated land plots in the priority consolidation zones of Panyu District was 1 935.56 hm2. The current land use types in these priority consolidation zones were mainly garden land, covering an area of 1 139.44 hm2, which was closely related to local agricultural structural adjustments. The method for delineating cultivated land consolidation zones, which integrated the entropy-weighted TOPSIS and XGBoost algorithms while considering the spatial aggregation of current cultivated land and restorable cultivated land resources, could objectively and accurately identify plots for cultivated land consolidation and restoration.
    Spatio-temporal evolution of ecological risk in the Erhai Lake Basin based on cloud model
    ZHANG Yun, ZENG Wei-jun, LYU Yang, CHEN Yun-chun
    2025, 64(10):  69-75.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.10.011
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    Taking the Erhai Lake Basin as the research object, an indicator system was constructed from two dimensions of natural environment and anthropogenic pressure environment. The cloud model and comprehensive index model were used to study the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of ecological risk in Erhai Lake Basin from 2002 to 2022 by combining qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. The results indicated that the ecological risk levels in the Erhai Lake Basin presented a distribution pattern of “lower in the north and higher in the south, higher in the west and lower in the east”. High-risk areas were mainly distributed in regions surrounding the Erhai Lake waters, such as Xiaguan Town and Fengyi Town. From 2002 to 2012, due to the development of urbanization and the interference of human activities, the ecological environment deteriorated, which led to a rise in ecological risk levels. After 2015, the Yunnan Provincial Government implemented a series of policies to advance the protection and management of Erhai Lake and the transformational development of the basin, which significantly improved both the ecological condition and quality of the Erhai Lake Basin. Overall, from 2002 to 2022, most areas of the Erhai Lake Basin were currently at an extremely low risk level. Specifically, the risk levels of human agglomeration areas in the southwestern part of the water area exhibited a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.
    Research advancements on the abatement of antibiotic resistance genes in livestock and poultry manure during aerobic composting
    ZHOU Yuan, CHEN Jie, JIN Er-guang, SHAO Zhi-yong
    2025, 64(10):  76-82.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.10.012
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    Aerobic composting is widely adopted method to achieve the reduction, harmless treatment and resource utilization of livestock and poultry manure, which can effectively remove most of the antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and help to reduce the risk of their spread and transmission. The sources and transmission routes of ARGs in livestock and poultry manure were briefly described. The ARGs distribution characteristics, the main influencing factors of ARGs changes during aerobic composting and their reduction/removal effects in livestock and poultry manure were discussed. At the same time, the main problems in the research fields of host bacteria and reduction/removal of ARGs in livestock and poultry manure were analyzed, and the future research directions were put forward, in order to provide reference for further reducing the residue of ARGs in livestock and poultry manure and the safe utilization of composting products.
    Degradation efficiency of 4-chlorophenol by manganese-based loaded carbon nitride activated peroxymonosulfate
    WANG Sha-sha, CUI Peng-fei, RUAN Xin-chao, SHI Sheng-yu, LONG Jun, YANG Xiao-jun
    2025, 64(10):  83-93.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.10.013
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    To address the problems of low removal efficiency and high risk of secondary pollution of difficult-to-degrade organic pollutants in water bodies, a Mn0.5-CN non-homogeneous catalyst was prepared by high-temperature calcination, and the efficient degradation of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) was achieved by activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS), and the catalyst was structurally analyzed by various characterization means. The results showed that under the optimized conditions (catalyst dosage of 0.5 g/L, PMS concentration of 0.8 mmol/L, room temperature), the catalyst achieved 95.1% removal of 4-CP at 20 mg/L and 78.6% removal of total organic carbon (TOC) within 60 min. Mechanistic studies showed that the redox cycle of Mn(Ⅱ)/Mn(Ⅲ) played a dominant role in the activation process of PMS, in which single-linear oxygen (1O2) was the main active species, and hydroxyl radical (·OH) assisted the degradation. The catalyst maintained more than 80% degradation efficiency after five cycles of use. In addition, the system had good pH(3~11) adaptability and good environmental applicability (different water bodies and anions). This system provided an efficient, stable and environmentally friendly solution for 4-CP treatment by mineralizing pollutants through C-Cl bond breaking and aromatic ring opening reactions.
    Plant Protection
    The mixed virulence and field control effeciacy of abamectin B2 and fluopyram against the second-instar juvenile of Meloidogyne
    PENG Yu, LI Cai-bin, MA Qian, TANG Ai, GU Jiao, PENG Tong, WANG Mao-xian, HUANG Yan-zhang, LI Zhang-hai
    2025, 64(10):  94-98.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.10.014
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    The mixed virulence of abamectin B2 and fluopyram was tested against second-instar juveniles of Meloidogyne incognita using the immersion method, and then the field control efficacy of two kinds of self-made nematocidal biochar-based functional fertilizers on tobacco root-knot nematode(Meloidogyne spp.) disease was studied by using the hole application method. The results showed that the compound combination of abamectin B2 and fluopyram at a mass ratio of 4∶1 for their active ingredients exhibited the most significant synergistic effect, and their LC50 (Lethal concentration 50) at 24, 48, 72 h post-treatment against second-instar juveniles of Meloidogyne incognita was 4.69, 1.77, 1.04 μg/mL, respectively, and the cotoxicity coefficients were 134.78, 127.77 and 146.31 correspondingly. When the nematocidal biochar-based functional fertilizers were applied at 60 g per plant in tobacco field, the field control efficacy of self-made 0.33% abamectin B2 nematocidal biochar-based functional fertilizer(A) and 0.33% abamectin B2-fluopyram (4∶1)nematocidal biochar-based functional fertilizer (B) against root-knot nematode disease were 47.36% and 63.30% at the peak stage of disease (Mid-roasting stage), and the efficacy of the complex formulation was significantly higher than that of the single formulation. The field control efficacy of the above two kinds of nematocidal biochar-based functional fertilizers were 67.65% and 67.59% at the end of flue-curing, respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two fertilizers.
    Isolation and identification of pathogen of anthracnose of lily in Hunan Province
    DENG Qiao, CHU Chang-bin, FANG Dong-zhen, CAI Dao-hui, GAO Chun-sheng
    2025, 64(10):  99-104.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.10.015
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    The pathogen of lily(Lilium brownii var. viridulum Baker) anthracnose in the main production areas of Hunan Province was isolated and purified using the traditional tissue block separation method. Through a combination of morphological and molecular biological methods, it was systematically identified. The results indicated that the primary pathogenic fungus was Colletotrichum spaethianum. The pathogenicity of the isolated strains was confirmed by pathogenicity tests. Additionally, differences in the infection by this pathogen between two cultivated lily varieties in Hunan Province were compared and analyzed.
    Identification and antibiotic susceptibility analysis of the dominant pathogen from filamentous thalli of Pyropia yezoensis with yellow-green spot disease
    WANG Wei-bing, WANG Hong-bin
    2025, 64(10):  105-109.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.10.016
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    Filamentous thalli of the red alga Pyropia yezoensis exhibiting yellow-green spot disease, provided by Hanyong Aquaculture Company (Lianyungang City), were used as experimental material. The dominant pathogenic isolate, designated ZCX-1, was obtained from these diseased thalli and preliminarily identified as Ruegeria arenilitoris based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis. Antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by the paper-disc diffusion assay, and the influence of different temperatures and pH values on antibacterial efficacy was investigated. Results of the susceptibility tests showed that among nine tested antibiotics, strain ZCX-1 was resistant to cephalothin; it was highly susceptible to neomycin, enoxacin, ampicillin, cefuroxime, and ceftriaxone (inhibition zone diameter D ≥ 20 mm). Ampicillin exhibited the greatest activity, with a mean inhibition zone diameter of 33 mm, while neomycin produced the smallest mean inhibition zone (22.33 mm). ZCX-1 showed intermediate susceptibility to lomefloxacin, streptomycin, and kanamycin (10 mm < D < 20 mm). Temperature-pH interaction assays indicated that ampicillin achieved the strongest inhibitory effect at pH 8.0 and 30 ℃, with an inhibition zone diameter of 38.7 mm; conversely, enoxacin showed the poorest inhibition at pH 7.2 and 40 ℃, yielding an inhibition zone diameter of only 10.0 mm.
    Horticulture & Local Products
    Research progress on the construction of woody plant genetic transformation system
    LIANG Hai-xue, ZENG Juan, SONG Sheng-yi, LEI Zi-chen, LUO Shi-yu, CAO Ling-jing, LIU Xiang-dan
    2025, 64(10):  110-118.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.10.017
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    This review introduced the genetic transformation methods of woody plants and compared the advantages and disadvantages of different genetic transformation methods. The influencing factors of genetic transformation of woody plants were elaborated, and the application status of different genetic transformation methods in woody plants was introduced. The existing research was summarized, the shortcomings of the current research were pointed out, and the solutions and future research directions and development trends were proposed, in order to provide research ideas and references for the construction of subsequent genetic transformation systems of woody plants.
    Effects of different sowing dates on cigar yield and quality
    XU Yun-yun, WANG Qing-jiang, XU Yong-bo
    2025, 64(10):  119-125.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.10.018
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    The experiment was conducted in Suijiang County, Zhaotong City, taking Yunxue 39, a cigar core variety, as the test material, to investigate the effects of different sowing dates on its growth characteristics and economic traits. With the sowing date of February 20th as the control, two delayed sowing dates of March 10th and March 30th were set up. The quality of seedlings, growth period, agronomic traits, disease resistance, appearance quality of tobacco leaves, chemical composition and yield and quality of each treatment were compared and analyzed. The result showed that, Yunxue 39 sown on March 10 had the best agronomic traits and the lowest natural morbidity in the field. The physical properties and chemical composition of the tobacco leaves after curing showed obvious advantages, and the content of polyphenols was the best overall. Meanwhile, the seedling quality of Yunxue 39 sown on March 30th was the best, with earlier emergence and a shortened growth period in the field. The content of volatile organic acids was the best, and the fresh tobacco leaf yield was the highest at 66,360.33 yuan per hektare. Considering all the indicators, the optimal sowing period for the Yunxue 39 cigar variety in Liangjiang Village, Suichang County, Zhaotong City was from March 10th to March 30th.
    Effects of magnetized water irrigation on physiological indexes and quality of three fruit trees in saline-alkali land
    TANG Jin, ZHU Qiu-ping, TAO Jun, MA You-fu, LU Lei
    2025, 64(10):  126-130.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.10.019
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    In order to study the effect of magnetized water irrigation on the cultivation of three fruit trees, apple, grape, and plum, the scientific research base of academy of Forestry in Yili River Valley, a field experiment was carried out in the experimental demonstration base of Chabuchaer County, Yili Academy of Forestry from April to October 2023. The magnetized water irrigation and conventional water source were set as the control (CK). The desalination rate of rhizosphere soil, chlorophyll content of fruit trees, fruit quality, and soil nutrients were measured and analyzed. The results showed that compared with ordinary irrigation, the salt content of rhizosphere soil of apple, grape, and plum decreased by 18.2%, 16.1%, and 25.0%, respectively, and the soil available nitrogen, available potassium, available phosphorus, and organic matter increased by 0.9%-2.3%, 0.7%-3.1%, 6.3%-8.9%, and 4.8%-18.0%, respectively. The soluble solids and hardness of apple fruit increased by 1.4%-24.8% and 4.0%-15.0%, respectively. The soluble solids, chlorophyll, and leaf nitrogen of grape fruit increased by 4%-12.6%, 15.1%-67.5%, and 22.2%-60.4%, respectively. The soluble solids, fruit longitudinal diameter, and fruit transverse diameter of plum fruit were increased by 15.1%, 6.4% and 4.9%, respectively.
    Growth and physiological response of muskmelon seedlings treated with nano-iron oxide and biochar under cadmium stress
    LI Hao-tian, LI Jun-li, XIA Peng, WANG Shou-yue, HUANG Jia-li, WANG Yun-qiang
    2025, 64(10):  131-139.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.10.020
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    To investigate the alleviating effect of nano iron oxide and biochar composite treatment on cadmium stress in melon seedlings under hydroponic conditions. This study used sweet melon seedlings as experimental materials and applied cadmium, biochar, α-Fe2O3 NPs, γ-Fe2O3 NPs, Fe3O4 NPs, as well as a composite treatment of biochar and various nano iron oxides in hydroponics. Multiple physiological indicators of sweet melon seedlings were detected, and principal component analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of each treatment on alleviating cadmium stress in sweet melon seedlings. The cadmium transfer coefficient TF (0.22%-0.28%) of the composite treatment group was lower than that of other cadmium treatment groups (0.34%-0.64%). Compared with the Cd group, the fresh weight, root length, and leaf SP content of the γ-Fe2O3 NPs and biochar composite treatment group significantly increased by 62.41%, 125.22%, and 28.97%, respectively. In the roots, the antioxidant enzyme activity of each treatment group was lower than that of the CK group. In the leaves, the CAT activity of each treatment group was significantly reduced compared to the CK group; The group with the highest activities of APX, POD, and SOD was the Fe3O4 NPs treatment group, while the groups with the closest enzyme activities to the CK group were the biochar treatment group and the γ-Fe2O3 NPs treatment group. Through principal component analysis, it was found that the combination of γ-Fe2O3 NPs and biochar was superior to other combinations and could be used to enhance the growth performance of melon seedlings in cadmium contaminated environments.
    Medicinal Plant
    Review on pharmacological action of magnolol
    GUO Yao-dong, SUN Shi-rui, LIU Tian-yu, LIU Si-si, ZHANG Xiao-wen, JIA Guo-lun, HASSAN Idris Abdu
    2025, 64(10):  140-146.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.10.021
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    The research progress on magnolol (a phenolic compound extracted from Magnolia officinalis) was reviewed, focusing on its pharmacological action such as anti-pathogenic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-tumor activities, along with neuroprotective, gastrointestinal regulatory, cardiovascular protective, and lipid metabolism regulatory properties. Relevant experimental results and data were summarized. Given the limitations of current studies, including unclear mechanisms and insufficient clinical validation, it was suggested that future research should prioritize elucidating molecular mechanisms and advancing clinical translation.
    Effects of different soil conditions on the growth and active component content of parasitically cultivated Monochasma savatieri Franch. ex Maxim.
    GUAN Min, LI Xian-en, WANG Qiu-lin, WEI Jian-he, MU Bin, LI Wei-quan, WANG Hai-ying, CHEN Cai-xia
    2025, 64(10):  147-152.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.10.022
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    At the standardized planting base of Monochasma savatieri Franch. ex Maxim. in Yichun City, Jiangxi Province, regions with significantly different growth status of Monochasma savatieri under the same cultivation and management conditions were selected to investigate the effects of soil conditions on its growth and active components. The results showed that under different soil conditions, both the growth status and active component content of parasitic-cultivated Monochasma savatieri were significantly affected. Among these, the soil in Wentang Town had the highest natural water content (21.77%), total porosity (66.96%), and air permeability (59.72%); the Monochasma savatieri in this region also had the highest yield (based on the fresh weight of aboveground parts, 68.27 g) and active component content, showing the best quality. The soil in Wojiang Town had weak water-holding capacity and low nutrient content, and the yield and active component content of Monochasma savatieri there were the second highest; while those in Xicun Town were the lowest. Correlation analysis showed that soil natural water content, total porosity, soil air permeability, and gravel proportion were positively correlated with the growth of Monochasma savatieri; while soil available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium contents were related to the accumulation of active components in Monochasma savatieri.
    Aquatic Products
    Effects of ratio variations of earthworm feces extract-BG11 medium on the population growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa
    ZHENG Rui-han, MA Ruo-bing, XIE Zi-yang, LI Li-qiong
    2025, 64(10):  153-157.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.10.023
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    To investigate the utilization potential of earthworm feces extract in microalgal cultivation, this study constructed composite culture systems incorporating 11 gradient-diluted vermicompost leachate formulations with BG11 medium and deionized water, systematically analyzing the effects of varying ratios on the growth kinetics of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. The results revealed that C3 (earthworm feces extract∶water = 5∶5, V/V) demonstrated optimal industrial applicability within the multidimensional evaluation framework. While attaining a 91.40% reduction in unit production cost relative to BG11 controls, this formulation sustained superior production performance, evidenced by a biomass concentration of (1.340 ± 0.071)×107 cells/mL, accompanied by a 48.77% enhancement in specific growth rate and 84.67% decrease in attenuation rate compared to BG11 controls. These data substantiated that the developed formulation constitutes a technically viable approach for low-cost Chlorella pyrenoidosa production.
    Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine
    The establishment of a rapid detection method for benzalkonium bromide tolerance of Listeria monocytogenes based on SG-PI dual-staining
    WANG Guo-jun, CAO Wen-jie, JI Qiang, LI Shao-wen, LIU Mei
    2025, 64(10):  158-164.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.10.024
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    To enhance analytical throughput and enable rapid assessment of bacterial susceptibility to disinfectants, developing an accelerated evaluation protocol is critically required,a new method for rapid phenotypic assessment of Lm's BAC tolerance was established based on SYBR Green I (SG) and propidium iodide (PI) double staining-the SG-PI dual-staining methodology. Results showed that the BAC tolerance of 104 Lm isolates from swine slaughterhouse samples was assessed using the dilution method. Analysis revealed 11 BAC-tolerant and 93 BAC-sensitive isolates, establishing these findings as the reference standard for validating the newly developed methodology. Firstly, the SG-PI dual-staining methodology was optimized, and the optimal concentration combination of the double staining was finally determined to be 20× SG + 5 μmol/L PI, and the optimal double staining incubation time was 5 min. Subsequently, the optimal conditions of the SG-PI dual-staining methodology were applied to Lm suspensions with different percentages of viable bacteria (P), and the fluorescence intensity ratio (F) between SG and PI was calculated. The functional relationship between the F value and the P value was determined to be F=0.004 996P+0.303 6, R2=0.997 6. The quantitative detection model formula for the relative cell activity of Lm derived from the relationship was RCA=[(F-0.303 6)/0.004 996]×100%. Finally, through exposure experiments, the optimal exposure concentration of BAC was determined to be 16 mg/L. The SG-PI double-staining method developed in this study exhibited 100% sensitivity for detecting BAC-tolerant strains, demonstrating superior accuracy compared to traditional dilution methods. The SG-PI dual-staining technique offered simplicity, rapidity, and precision, having been effectively applied in assessing bacterial antibiotic resistance.
    Identification of PGAM5 gene core promoter and analysis of transcriptional regulation
    LI Ze-ya
    2025, 64(10):  165-170.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.10.025
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    To analyze the regulation of intracellular PGAM5 expression after PEDV infection and to refine the mechanism of action of PEDV virus. In this experiment, the expression of PGAM5 after PEDV infection of LLC-PK1 cells were analyzed by qRT-PCR, and screened the core region of the promoter by step-wise method, and screened the transcription factors that bind to the core promoter of the PGAM5 gene by the JASPAR database and preliminarily verified the screened genes by qRT-PCR. The results showed that PGAM5 gene mRNA expression was up-regulated after PEDV infection of LLC-PK1 cells. The core region of PGAM5 promoter was screened to be located between -60 bp and -1 bp. The transcription factors TFAP2A, TCFL5, ZNF354C and ARNT were preliminarily verified to have transcriptional regulation of the PGAM5 promoter by qRT-PCR.
    Detection Analysis
    Determination of 20 banned pesticide residues in Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge by gel permeation chromatography-gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
    QIAN Ye-hui
    2025, 64(10):  171-178.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.10.026
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    Based on gel permeation chromatography-gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GPC-GC-MS/MS), an analytical method was established for the simultaneous determination of 20 banned pesticide residues in Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge. The results showed that the purification effect of GPC was superior to Florisil, N-Al2O3 and C18. GPC effectively removed interfering substances such as lipids and pigments, significantly reduced baseline noise, enhanced the response intensity of target compounds, and improved detection sensitivity. The method demonstrated good linearity in the concentration range of 0.01-0.50 μg/mL (R2>0.990 0), with limits of detection (LOD) of 0.001-0.003 mg/kg and limits of quantification (LOQ) of 0.003-0.010 mg/kg. The recovery rates of organochlorine pesticides were generally higher than those of organophosphorus pesticides. The relative standard deviations (RSD) of both types of pesticides were the lowest at the medium spiked concentration (0.10 mg/kg), but increased at both low (0.01 mg/kg) and high (0.50 mg/kg) spiked concentrations, reflecting differentiated impacts of matrix effects and potential interferences at different concentration levels. The method exhibited satisfactory sensitivity, with both LOD and LOQ meeting the requirements for pesticide residues detection. It not only complied with the relevant regulations of the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, but was also suitable for pesticide residues screening in the export trade of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge. This method significantly improved pesticides recovery rates, effectively removed matrix interferences such as fat-soluble pigments, reduced matrix effects, and was applicable for pesticide residues monitoring in Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge and other traditional Chinese medicines with highly complex matrices.
    Information Engineering
    Detection of farmland surface residual plastic film from UAV images based on YOLOv8
    ZHANG Tian-le, WANG Qi-zhe, YANG Han-bing, LIU Cheng-ming, ZHAO Xin-miao
    2025, 64(10):  179-183.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.10.027
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    Residual plastic film negatively impacted soil quality and crop growth, making efficient assessment of its distribution a crucial issue. A deep learning-based detection method using YOLOv8 for the automatic identification of residual plastic film in UAV-captured RGB images was proposed. The research utilized farmland data collected from Huaxing Farm in Changji, Xinjiang, with annotations performed using LabelMe, followed by data preprocessing and augmentation. Experimental results demonstrated that YOLOv8 performed well in residual plastic film detection, achieving an mAP@0.5 of 86.5%, enabling efficient and accurate detection, providing technological support for agricultural environmental monitoring and pollution management.
    Spatiotemporal evolution of eco-environmental quality based on multi-temporal remote sensing ecological index: A Case Study of Yufeng District, Liuzhou City
    YU Peng-cheng, REN Ci, LI Xiao-long, LUO Lei, XIAO Jian-lin, ZHAO Yi-tong, HE Xin-le
    2025, 64(10):  184-189.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.10.028
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    Taking Yufeng District of Liuzhou City, Guangxi as the study area, the eco-environmental quality was comprehensively evaluated using multi-temporal Landsat data by constructing a remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) model. Remote sensing images from similar months in 2015, 2018, and 2022 were selected to extract four ecological factors: greenness, wetness, dryness, and heat, and the RSEI model was constructed using principal component analysis. The results showed that the RSEI of Yufeng District exhibited an increasing trend year by year, rising from 0.17 in 2015 to 0.48 in 2022. In 2015, the area with fair grade accounted for the largest proportion (30.76%); in 2018, the area with good grade accounted for the largest proportion (24.46%); and in 2022, the area with good grade accounted for the largest proportion (41.08%), indicating that the eco-environment of Yufeng District entered a stage of overall improvement. In 2022, areas with excellent and good grades were distributed in the northern, eastern, and central-southern parts of Yufeng District, with their areas increased compared to 2015 and 2018. Areas with fair and poor grades were distributed in the central, southwestern parts, and some residential areas of Yufeng District.Areas with bad grade were reduced and sporadically distributed throughout the district. Over the two time spans of 2015—2018 and 2015—2022, the areas with improved eco-environment in Yufeng District were more than those with deteriorated conditions, indicating that the eco-environment of the district maintained a positive trend of overall improvement.
    Research on farmland parcel boundary extraction oriented to urban road network-like space using multi-temporal and multi-terrain images
    ZHENG Ming-xue, SHEN Xiang-cheng, LUO Zhi-qing, CHEN Ping-ting, GUAN Bo, MA Hai-rong
    2025, 64(10):  190-194.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.10.029
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    By exploring the intrinsic spatial distribution relationship between farmland parcel boundaries and urban road networks, the distribution of farmland parcel boundaries in different regions was analogized to the distribution of different road grades, constructing an urban road network-like space for farmland parcel boundaries.Honghu City and Tongshan County in Hubei Province were selected as study areas. Using UAV remote sensing images as data sources, color, brightness, and texture features of multi-temporal and multi-terrain images were extracted through multi-scale methods, thereby achieving accurate identification of farmland parcel boundaries.The results showed that the effectiveness of this method for farmland parcel boundary extraction varied significantly across different seasons and terrain conditions.In areas with rich image colors and regular parcels, the method could completely extract boundaries, and multi-scale parameters effectively met the requirements at different levels of detail.In scenarios such as fallow periods or hilly areas, the separability of parcel characteristics decreased due to interference from diverse surface covers like weeds, water, duckweed, and bare soil, indicating that the method still had limitations in feature-complex scenarios.
    Tobacco leaf color classification based on factor analysis and AdaBoost algorithm
    ZHANG Qian-zi, DENG Shao-wen, WANG Wen-hao, HE Qian, GUO Yan, GAO Yun-cai, LI Xiang-wei, TANG Xiao-yan, CHANG Yu-long, YANG Su, DU Qi-xia, LUO Xiao-zhi
    2025, 64(10):  195-200.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.10.030
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    Representative tobacco leaf samples (orange-yellow, lemon-yellow, and red-brown) were collected and preprocessed. Factor analysis was employed to extract features related to tobacco leaf color, reducing data dimensionality and capturing key information. The AdaBoost algorithm was used to construct a classification model for the extracted features, and its predictive performance was compared with other algorithms. The performance of the FA-AdaBoost model was evaluated, and its classification effectiveness was validated. The results showed that three wavelengths (380, 460 nm, and 740 nm) were selected as key spectral features for tobacco leaf color classification using factor analysis. Compared with gradient boosting, Bagging, and random forest algorithms, the AdaBoost algorithm achieved the lowest test error rate with fewer iterations. The FA-AdaBoost model demonstrated excellent performance in tobacco leaf color classification, with high precision, recall, and F1-score. The FA-AdaBoost model achieved remarkable recognition results for red-brown leaves, with all three metrics reaching 100%. In terms of support, significant differences in sample sizes across categories were observed, with red-brown leaves (3 samples) being substantially fewer than other categories, indicating evident class imbalance. Nevertheless, the FA-AdaBoost model achieved an overall accuracy of 86%, demonstrating its strong classification capability despite class imbalance challenges. The AdaBoost algorithm exhibited efficient and accurate recognition in tobacco leaf color classification tasks, with balanced performance across different categories and robust generalization ability.
    YOLOv8n-LF model in detecting the impurity and broken rates of machine-harvested wheat
    ZHOU Hong, MENG Xiao-yan, FANG Wei-zhou, DING Xiao-chen
    2025, 64(10):  201-206.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.10.031
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    To address the need for real-time detection of wheat impurity and broken rates during combine harvesting, a detection model (YOLOv8n-LF) was proposed based on an image segmentation method to achieve automatic assessment of wheat impurity and broken rates. First, the LSKA attention mechanism was introduced into the SPPF module to enhance the model’s multi-scale feature extraction capability. Second, the focal adjustment mechanism of Focal Loss was employed to optimize the CIoU loss function, focusing on different regression samples and improving the model’s detection performance. On a self-constructed dataset, the YOLOv8n-LF model maintained lightweight characteristics while demonstrating good segmentation performance, facilitating its deployment on edge devices. It can provide effective technical support for the automatic detection of wheat impurity and broken rates, thereby promoting the advancement of agricultural machinery intelligence.
    A CIW-YOLOv8n-based method for cotton leaf disease detection and recognition
    LI Jia-jun, DONG Hui, YU Lin, LIU Jin-tao, LI Shuang, YANG Yi
    2025, 64(10):  207-212.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.10.032
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    To address the issues of low accuracy and insufficient detection efficiency in cotton leaf disease detection, the YOLOv8 model was improved in terms of both model structure and detection efficiency, leading to the construction of the CIW-YOLOv8n model.The C2f-ConvNeXtv2 module was introduced into the backbone network, which dynamically adjusted the convolution kernels based on the input image, thereby enhancing the model’ adaptability to diverse image content and the accuracy of feature extraction. The ImplicitHead detection head was introduced into the neck network to replace the original structure, and the loss function was replaced with WIoU, further optimizing the detection performance of the model.The results showed that the precision, recall, mean average precision (mAP), number of parameters, and computational cost of the CIW-YOLOv8n model were 92.6%, 82.4%, 91.7%, 2.761 MB, and 7.4×109, respectively. This model achieved higher detection accuracy while maintaining low complexity, effectively balancing model performance and efficiency.
    Research progress on intelligent identification technology for cotton diseases and pests
    ZHANG You-chang, ZHANG Jiao-hai, NIU Lin-tao, WANG Xiao-gang
    2025, 64(10):  213-218.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.10.033
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    Intelligent identification technology was used to diagnose cotton diseases and pests timely and accurately. The intelligent identification of cotton diseases and pests primarily employed knowledge-driven and expert system technologies, visible light image (traditional machine learning and deep learning) technologies, multispectral and hyperspectral technologies, and multimodal data fusion technologies. Research progress on the intelligent identification of cotton diseases and pests based on the aforementioned technologies was reviewed, along with existing problems in current research, and the development trend of intelligent identification technology for cotton diseases and pests was prospected, to promote the development of identification systems towards precision and real-time performance.
    GIS-based assessment of the ecological adaptability of kiwifruit in Wuhan City
    ZHANG Hong, MENG Cui-li, LIU Xiu-li, ZHAI Jing-hua, JI Xiao-mei, LU Peng-cheng
    2025, 64(10):  219-225.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.10.034
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    Meteorological, soil, and topographic data of Wuhan City from 2009 to 2019 were utilized to establish an ecological adaptability zoning system based on the requirements for the growth and development of kiwifruit, aiming to provide data support for the optimized layout of kiwifruit cultivars in Wuhan City. Each indicator was assigned a value according to its suitability level, leading to the creation of single-factor evaluation raster layers. The weight of each factor was then determined using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Finally, a zoning map for the ecological adaptability of kiwifruit was generated by overlaying these layers in a GIS environment. The results indicated that Wuhan City was generally suitable for developing the kiwifruit industry. The highly suitable areas were primarily located in the eastern and southeastern regions, the suitable areas were mainly distributed in the southern and central parts, the moderately suitable areas were predominantly found in Huangpi District in the north and Caidian District in the west, and the unsuitable areas were mainly situated in the southeastern part of Huangpi District.
    Research on simulation and visualization technology for agricultural robot competition based on ROS3DJS
    LYU Xuan-hao, Dilixiati Duolikun, MENG Xiao-yan, ZHAO Xin-miao, XU Jin
    2025, 64(10):  226-232.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.10.035
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    Agricultural robot competitions, serving as important scenarios for validating intelligent agricultural machinery technologies, generally faced technical bottlenecks such as high hardware development thresholds and low multi-module collaboration efficiency. Although existing simulation platforms supported high-precision physical simulation, their poor cross-platform compatibility and reliance on local deployment made low-latency remote collaboration difficult to achieve. To address this issue, a lightweight simulation and visualization method based on the ros3djs framework was proposed, which constructed a browser/server(B/S) architecture simulation system and achieved three-dimensional dynamic mapping of the robot's motion state, sensor data streams, and the competition scene. This system utilized the WebSocket protocol to capture multi-source topic data, such as navigation positioning and environmental perception, from the ROS environment in real-time, and accomplished synchronous rendering and interactive control of the robot's pose, operation trajectory, and scene elements. Validation experiments showed that this platform achieved low-latency visual monitoring and remote command transmission of the robot's motion state on the web client, effectively reduced reliance on physical hardware, solved the problem of difficult remote multi-robot interaction in traditional local platforms, and provided an extensible virtualization technology verification solution for agricultural robot competitions.
    Economy & Management
    Evolution of the spatial pattern of the world heritage site:A case study of Honghe Hani rice terraces
    LI Ying-zhi, PAN Jiao, PENG Wen-yi, LI Wen-feng
    2025, 64(10):  233-238.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.10.036
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    Taking the core area of the Honghe Hani Rice Terraces World Heritage Site in Yunnan Province as the study area, A “production-living-ecological” spatial classification system was established by integrating four periods (1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020) of 30-meter resolution land use data, DEM (Digital elevation model), and county-level statistical materials. Using ArcGIS, elevation, slope, and geomorphological information were extracted to delineate terrain gradients and statistically analyze the area distribution of the “production-living-ecological” spaces across each gradient. A spatial transfer matrix was applied to reveal the flow directions of land type conversions from 1990 to 2020. The geodetector model was employed, with 13 indicators selected from four dimensions: Climate, topography, economy, and population, to quantify the explanatory power (q) of single factors and the intensity of two-factor interactions. The results showed that ecological space dominated the study area; in terms of geomorphology, slope, and elevation, production, living, and ecological spaces were mainly concentrated in medium-undulating and large-undulating mid-mountain types, slope ranges of 6°-15° and 15°-25°, and an elevation range of 0.5-2.0 km; during the study period, both production and living spaces showed an increasing trend, while ecological space decreased accordingly; analysis of spatiotemporal changes revealed that the largest conversion area was from ecological to production space; driver analysis indicated that urbanization rate, rural per capita national income, and regional GDP had the strongest explanatory power for the “production-living-ecological” spaces, with two-factor interactions showing nonlinear enhancement and bifactor enhancement.
    Evaluation of green development level in Xinjiang’s agriculture and analysis of obstacle factors
    LIANG Kai-li, WU Yan-shan, WANG Zhi-qiang
    2025, 64(10):  239-246.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.10.037
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    Based on panel data from Xinjiang from 2012 to 2021, an evaluation index system was constructed across five dimensions: Resource conservation and utilization, environmental management in production areas, agricultural ecological restoration, green industry development, and green technology support. The entropy weight method, TOPSIS model, and obstacle factor diagnosis model were employed to empirically analyze the level and hindering factors of agricultural green development in Xinjiang. The results indicated that from 2012 to 2021, the development level showed a continuous upward trend, with particularly notable progress in green technology and industry development; since 2019, the region entered a relatively high development stage, although substantial potential for improvement remained in resource conservation and environmental management; the obstacle factors evolved in distinct phases: Prior to 2018, the primary constraints centered on production efficiency and resource utilization, from 2019 to 2021, the main obstacles shifted toward environmental pressure and ecological restoration indicators. To promote agricultural green development in Xinjiang, the implementation of short-term “quick-win” measures such as agricultural plastic film recycling and precision fertilization was suggested to rapidly mitigate environmental pressure. For the medium to long term, systematic reforms—including the development of the agricultural services sector and the promotion of energy structure transformation—were recommended to comprehensively reshape agricultural production models and ultimately achieve a synergistic balance between agricultural output and ecological conservation.
    The impact mechanism of digital finance on survival-type consumption of rural residents: A discussion on the double-edged sword effect of excessive consumption
    WANG Sha
    2025, 64(10):  247-256.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.10.038
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    Using data from the China Labor Dynamics Survey (CLDS), the impact of digital inclusive finance on survival-type consumption among rural households in China, along with its underlying mechanism, was empirically examined. Findings revealed that digital inclusive finance significantly promoted growth in survival-type consumption among rural residents, with this benchmark conclusion remaining robust after multiple robustness tests. The impact exhibited heterogeneity: The improvement effect was more pronounced in areas with underdeveloped traditional finance, households distant from county or town centers, and higher per capita income groups. Channel analysis indicated that digital finance primarily influenced rural consumption through two mechanisms: Income growth and vulnerability mitigation. Further analysis using Lasso algorithm-based forecasts of expected consumption revealed that as basic consumption levels improved, digital financial development might paradoxically trigger excessive consumption tendencies among rural households—demonstrating a “double-edged sword effect.” This adverse impact was particularly pronounced among individuals with weaker time preference.