HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES

Breeding of the new sesame variety Luozhi 106

WEI Song-shan, ZHANG Xian-mei, ZHENG Lei, WU He-min, LIU Mei-ru, LIU Li-feng, DAI Jin

2025, 64(9): 1-5. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.09.001

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Luozhi 106 was a new monopodial white sesame（Sesamum indicum L.） variety developed through hybrid breeding by the Luohe Academy of Agricultural Sciences. This variety had plump grains, fast grain filling speed, high thousand seed weight, strong disease and stress resistance, high yield and stable yield. In 2018, during the sesame strain comparison trial conducted by the Luohe Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Luozhi 106 achieved an average yield of 1 365.10 kg/hm², representing an 18.70% increase compared to the control variety Yuzhi No.4, and ranked second among the tested strains. In 2019, in the same trial, Luozhi 106 had an average yield of 1 922.93 kg/hm², an increase of 7.70% compared with Yuzhi No.4, and ranked first among the tested strains. In 2020, during the regional trial for new sesame strains in the Huang-Huai region, Luozhi 106 produced an average yield of 1 163.78 kg/hm², a 7.97% increase over Yuzhi No.4, and ranked first among the tested strains. In 2021, in the same regional trial, Luozhi 106 had an average yield of 1 189.92 kg/hm², an increase of 10.37% compared with Yuzhi No.4, and ranked fifth among the tested strains. In 2023, in the demonstration trial for new sesame varieties in the Huang-Huai production area, Luozhi 106 achieved an average yield of 1 870.80 kg/hm², a 25.21% increase over Yuzhi No.4, and ranked first among the tested varieties. In December 2023, it was identified by the identification and registration committee organized by Henan Seed Industry Development Center.

Breeding and application of Xiangjingyou 1582, a full aromatic hybrid japonica rice with long-slender grain

TANG Jian-min, GONG Wei-hua, ZHU Cai-zhang, CAO Qing-yun, WANG Yan-shu, XING Dong, ZHOU Qi-tao, WANG Xiao-wen, SHEN Sheng, LI Bin, WANG Wen-hao, YANG Jian-kang, LIU Hong-sheng, WU Bao-qing, TANG Geng, CAO Wen-yu, ZHAO Ying, PEND Yu-chao, CHI Sheng-hui, CHEN Min-zhen

2025, 64(9): 6-9. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.09.002

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Xiangjingyou 1582 was a new fully aromatic hybrid japonica rice variety with long-slender grain developed by crossing the long-grain aromatic sterile line Xiangjing 11A as the female parent and the aromatic long-grain japonica restorer line Xianghui 582 as the male parent. This variety featured long-slender grains, high quality, excellent eating quality, high yield, strong lodging and cold tolerance, and overall superior agronomic traits. It was approved by the Hubei Provincial Crop Variety Approval Committee in August 2022. The breeding process, main characteristics, and key cultivation techniques of Xiangjingyou 1582 were described.

Evaluation of the high yield, stability, adaptability and analysis of disease resistance of the new soybean variety Zhudou 19 with high-protein

ZHAO Jing-yun, WANG Jian-li, DENG Yan, QIU Yong-kang, LIU Zhi-qiang, MIAO Ren-zhong, WANG Jiang-tao

2025, 64(9): 10-15. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.09.003

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In order to evaluate the production and utilization value of the new national approved soybean[Glycine max (L.) Merr.] variety Zhudou 19, and to provide theoretical reference and technical support for its popularization in the Yangtze River Basin, the high yield, stability, adaptability, disease resistance and quality of Zhudou 19 were analyzed by LSD, high stability coefficient method, Francis-Kannenberg genotype grouping method and adaptive parameter method based on the multi-year and multi-point test data of Zhudou 19. The results showed that in the regional trials of 2014 and 2015, the average yields of Zhudou 19 were 3 094.5 kg/hm² and 3 130.5 kg/hm² respectively, which were 8.5% and 16.2% higher than that of the control variety Zhongdou No.8(P<0.01), reaching a very significant (P<0.01) level; the high stability coefficients were 96.72% and 90.63% respectively, which showed a good stable yield. Through identification by artificial inoculation with the epidemic strains SC3 and SC7 of soybean mosaic virus (SMV), the disease indexes of Zhudou 19 were 7%-33% and 8%-37% respectively, showing comprehensive resistance to soybean mosaic virus disease. Zhudou 19 had a high crude protein content, with an average crude protein content of 45.65% in three consecutive years of detection, and was classied as a high-protein soybean variety. Zhudou 19 was suitable for promotion as a high-yield variety in the Yangtze River Basin, and could also be used as a special high-protein soybean for processing and production.

Effects of calcium peroxide on the composting maturity and harmlessness of cabbage waste

FAN Hao, LIU Zhen-yan, SUN Gang, WANG Qi, TONG Shan-kun, LI Lan-xian, ZUO Qing-long, ZHOU Jia-yuan, ZHANG Zhi, ZHAN Ya-bin, CHEN Yun-feng

2025, 64(9): 16-20. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.09.004

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In order to further explore the effect of calcium peroxide additive on the harmless effect of aerobic composting of cabbage waste, cabbage waste was used as the main raw material, rice bran and pig manure were used as auxiliary materials, and mixed composting was carried out. Four calcium oxide addition treatments of 0(CK), 5%, 10%, and 20% were set up to determine the composting temperature and the organic matter content, total nitrogen content, maturity index (pH, seed germination index and conductivity) and harmless index (fecal coliform group and roundworm eggs) of the product. The results showed that the addition of calcium peroxide was beneficial to the increase of the accumulated temperature of the cabbage composting. The addition of 5% and 10% calcium peroxide could increase the maximum temperature of the compost, but the addition of 20% calcium peroxide would reduce the maximum temperature of the compost. The addition of calcium peroxide was beneficial to the degradation of organic matter. At the end of composting, the organic matter content of the calucium peroxide addition treatments was 22.6%-66.7% lower than that of CK. The addition of calcium peroxide was beneficial to the maturity of compost, and the seed germination index reached the maturity requirement (>70%). However, only adding 20% calcium peroxide could make the fertilizer meet the requirements of harmlessness, and the number of fecal coliforms was 24 per gram. In summary, if it was to make the cabbage compost meet the maturity requirements, taking into account the cost, it was recommended to add 5% calcium peroxide to the compost; if it was to make the cabbage compost to achieve harmless requirements, it was recommended to add 20% calcium peroxide.

Effects of straw and different forms of nitrogen fertilizer addition on nitrogen release capacity of paddy soil

YAN Ru-yu, GAO Xu-yuan, GAN Guo-yu, LI Ji-fu

2025, 64(9): 21-26. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.09.005

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Using indoor constant temperature culture, two groups of experiments with five nitrogen fertilizer treatments of F1 (potassium nitrate), F2 (ammonium chloride), F3 (urea), F4 (potassium nitrate ∶ ammonium chloride ∶ urea = 1∶1∶2), and F0 (no nitrogen fertilizer) were set up. The first group was straw decomposition test to explore the effect of nitrogen on straw decomposition rate and straw nitrogen release rate. In the second group of experiments, five main treatments of exogenous nitrogen fertilizer were set up, as well as two sub-treatments of adding straw (SC) and not adding straw (CK), to explore the changes of readily oxidizable organic carbon (ROC), ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺ -N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO₃^--N) in soil. The results showed that the addition of nitrogen fertilizer had no significant effect on straw decomposition, but could increase the nitrogen release rate of straw. The addition of nitrogen fertilizer had no significant effect on ROC content, and the addition of straw increased ROC content and made ROC more stable during the culture process. The addition of nitrogen fertilizer had no significant effect on soil NH₄⁺-N content, and straw addition reduced soil NH₄⁺-N content. The addition of potassium nitrate and no nitrogen fertilizer reduced the soil NO₃^--N content, and the addition of urea, ammonium chloride and straw combined with nitrogen fertilizer increased the soil NO₃^--N content. Overall, through the reasonable combination of nitrogen fertilizer and straw management measures, it was more conducive to the enrichment of soil nitrogen.

Long-term evolution of soil conservation and its climatic spatio-temporal response mechanism in geomorphologically sensitive areas:A case of Shanxi Province

CHEN Xiao-wen, XUN Jia-chang, LIU Chang-yong, ZHANG He-bin, WANG Xiao-ya

2025, 64(9): 27-35. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.09.006

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Taking Shanxi Province as the research area, based on multi-source remote sensing and climate data from 2001 to 2023, the RUSLE model was constructed, and the main controlling factors of soil conservation changes from both spatial and temporal dimensions were systematically identified by integrating Theil-Sen Median trend analysis method, random forest model, and pixel-by-pixel regression method. The results showed that the total soil conservation in Shanxi Province showed a significant upward trend from 2001 to 2023, with an average annual increase of 0.149 t/hm². The high-value areas of changes in potential soil erosion and conservation were concentrated in regions with large topographic relief and significant ecological engineering intervention, showing an obvious geomorphology-climate coupling effect. The results of driving factor identification indicated that soil moisture, wind speed, and potential evapotranspiration were the key control variables in the spatial dimension, and the maximum contribution to the random forest model was 20.0%, 16.3% and 15.5%, respectively. In the temporal dimension, the drought index was the dominant factor, reflecting the long-term regulatory effect of water deficit on the interannual changes of soil conservation.

Soil hydraulic properties and their influencing factors along topographic sequence in the Western Junggar Mountains

GU Xi-hong, LIU Jiang-long, HU Gui-qing, ZHANG Wen-tai

2025, 64(9): 36-43. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.09.007

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To elucidate the characteristics of soil hydraulic properties in the Western Junggar Mountains and their variation along the elevational gradient, five soil profiles were selected along a topographic sequence spanning elevations from 471 m to 1 111 m in Yumin County, Tacheng Prefecture, Xinjiang, in April 2023. Basic physicochemical properties and soil water characteristic curves of these profiles were measured. The results indicated significant differences in basic physicochemical properties and hydraulic parameters among the soil profiles along the topographic sequence. Soil bulk density, mechanical composition, and organic matter content showed strong correlations with elevation. The high-altitude soil profiles were dominated by silt particles, while the low-altitude profiles were primarily composed of sand particles. The soil water characteristic curves exhibited a pattern of rapid initial decline, followed by a slower decrease, and finally stabilized with the increase of elevation. Soils at higher elevations demonstrated stronger water retention capacity. The soil hydraulic parameters (A) of the two high-altitude soil profiles [P1（1 111 m） and P2（1 071 m] were higher than those of the others in the same soil layer. As soil depth increased, the A value, saturated water content, field capacity, and available water capacity generally decreased. Altitude showed an extremely significant positive correlation with the A value (P<0.01).

Determination of the upper limit for the proportion of cultivated land occupied by construction projects in Hubei Province based on threshold method

LI Jing-jing, HUANG Fan, ZHU Jun-jun, LI Yan-dan, LEI Yang, LI Jin-xin, KUANG Ying

2025, 64(9): 44-50. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.09.008

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In order to determine the upper limit for the proportion of cultivated land occupied by construction projects in different geomorphological zones, and to provide a basis for cultivated land protection and land use approval, Hubei Province was selected as the study area, and its land use data for three types of projects, namely, transport, water conservancy and energy, were collected from 2013 to 2022, and the geomorphology was divided according to plains, hills and mountains. The quartiles were used as threshold parameters to analyse the proportion of cultivated land occupied by each type of project in different geomorphological zones, determine the reasonable upper limit and calculate the saving rate. The results showed that there were obvious differences in the cultivated land occupation for the three types of projects in different geomorphological zones in Hubei Province. The area of cultivated land occupied by transportation was the highest (the proportion of 89.48%), and the spatial distribution showed a decreasing gradient of plains (68.3%)>hills (21.33%)>mountains (10.37%). Based on the quantile threshold method, the upper limit for the proportion of cultivated land occupied by the energy in the plains area reached 99.19%, while that of the mountainous water conservancy category was only 40.17%. The validation of the planning project showed that the maximum saving rate of 12.76% of cultivated land could be achieved while ensuring an approval rate of 78.05% or higher for most projects. In conclusion, the upper limit for the proportion of cultivated land occupied by construction projects determined by the threshold method could effectively control the cultivated land occupation. It was recommended to take 70%-90% as the reference threshold for the upper limit of the proportion of cultivated land occupied by various types of projects in different geomorphological zones, and select parameters in combination with specific project conditions to balance protection and development, so as to provide a decision-making basis for solving the contradiction between cultivated land protection and construction occupancy in Hubei Province.

Effects of climate change on rice yield in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and scenario simulation

ZENG Zhi-yong

2025, 64(9): 51-55. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.09.009

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Taking the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River as the research object, the data of climate change and rice yield from 1983 to 2023 were collected. By constructing the analysis model and using the econometric method, the key influencing factors of rice yield in this area were analyzed. The results showed that temperature and precipitation were the key factors affecting the yield and planting area of rice, and they were negatively correlated with rice yield. During the growth period of rice, for every 10 mm increase in precipitation, rice yield decreased by 0.450%. For every 1 ℃ increase in temperature, rice yield decreased by 2.450%. From the perspective of future development trend, rice yield in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River might face a significant downward trend, and the decline would continue to increase. The impact of climate change on rice yield in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River was greater than that on rice yield in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

Plant growth-promoting microorganisms：From growth promoting mechanism to green agriculture

ZHOU Yi-kai, YAO Yi-cai, GAO Yuan, ZHANG Jing-yu, ZHANG Bin, MAN Zhen-tuan, WANG Ming-dao, CUI Guang-zhou

2025, 64(9): 56-65. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.09.010

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The common mechanisms of plant growth-promoting microorganisms were summarized, including phosphate solubilization, potassium solubilization, iron carrier production, nitrogen fixation, and plant growth regulator production, and the novel growth-promoting mechanisms of plant growth-promoting microorganisms, such as secondary metabolites, beneficial microorganism recruitment, and synthetic flora, were analyzed. The research and application of plant growth-promoting microorganisms in soil remediation, improving plant stress resistance and resistance to diseases and pests were discussed. The development and application of plant growth-promoting microorganisms as a green resource in the future were prospected, in order to provide new research ideas for the in-depth exploration of the growth-promoting mechanism of plant growth-promoting microorganisms, and lay the foundation for promoting the green development of agriculture.

Isolation and identification of fungi from Fu Brick Tea in the middle stage of blooming in Shaanxi Province

YUAN Yue, YANG Jun-long, LI Dong-hua, CHENG Xiao-mei, LIANG Yan, WU Chong, JI Chang-zhong

2025, 64(9): 66-72. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.09.011

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Clarifying the dominant fungi and their morphological features in Fu Brick Tea not only facilitated artificial intervention to promote the growth of these dominant fungi and enhance tea quality, but also provided theoretical support for its standardized production. Using Fu Brick Tea from Shaanxi Province as the material,fungi were isolated, purified and cultured in the middle stage of blooming. These fungi were clustered and identified by methods including colonial morphology observation, ITS region sequence homology comparison and phylogenetic analysis, and a total of 6 species of fungi were isolated. Through morphological and molecular biological methods, these 6 fungi were identified as Aspergillus cristatus, Aspergillus luchuensis, Aspergillus oryzae, Penicillium crustosum, Aspergullus glaucus and Aspergillus niger. During the blooming of Fu Brick Tea, the dominant fungi were mainly Aspergillus and Penicillium.

Transport dynamics of nitrogen and phosphorus along the gradient in an integrated agri-aquaculture watershed of shallow hilly water network region

ZHANG Qin-jing, JIANG Tian-yu, ZHUANG Yan-hua

2025, 64(9): 73-79. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.09.012

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Luhu Lake watershed, a representative integrated agri-aquaculture watershed within shallow hilly water network region, was selected as the research area. The concentration changes of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in the migration process of the watershed were monitored along the way through the “source-process-end” method, and the changes of pollutant transport along the way under different land use types and landscape patterns were studied. The results demonstrated significant variations in soil TN and TP contents across land use types influenced by human activities. The soil TN content ranked as livestock farms > drylands > nurseries > paddy fields > villages and towns > forests, while the soil TP content was in the order of villages > drylands > livestock farms > paddy fields > forests = nurseries. Under a single rainfall event,the concentrations of runoff pollutants in different land use types also showed differences. The average concentration of TN was in the order of farms > paddy fields > villages and towns > drylands > aquaculture ponds > nursery > forests, and the average concentration of TP was in the order of farms > villages and towns > drylands > nursery > aquaculture ponds > paddy fields > forests. The transport process of pollutants in the watershed was affected by the differences in pollutant sources, paths and occurrence forms. TN and TP showed different attenuation laws along the river. The average concentration of TN was expressed as river > lake > ditch, and the average concentration of TP was expressed as ditch > river > lake. The concentrations of TN and TP in the “end” buffer zone were significantly positively correlated with the proportion of aquaculture ponds in the buffer zone（P<0.01）, and the aquaculture ponds had a higher risk of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution to the receiving water body.

Evaluation of field control effects of new fungicides against grape downy mildew

WANG Hui, WANG Gan, ZHANG Wei, FAN An-ran, LIU Mei

2025, 64(9): 80-83. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.09.013

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To clarify the field control effects of novel fungicides against grape downy mildew, a field experiment was conducted to compare the control effects of five test fungicides: 10% oxathiapiprolin dispersible oil suspension, 10% picarbutrazox suspension concentrate, 20% metalaxyl-M suspension emulsion, 25% famoxadone suspension concentrate, and 30% metalaxyl-M + famoxadone suspension emulsion. The results showed that 10% oxathiapiprolin dispersible oil suspension exhibited the highest control efficacy, exceeding 80%, and could be recommended for controlling grape downy mildew. The other four fungicides also demonstrated control efficacies above 70%. Among these four, 30% metalaxyl-M + famoxadone suspension emulsion showed better performance than 10% picarbutrazox suspension concentrate, although the difference was not statistically significant.

The release rhythm of Hippophae rhamnoides volatile compounds induced by Trabala vishnou gigantina Yang

TANG Shuo, XU Bo-xi, FENG Jiang-shuai, AN Ke-xu, LIU Yong-hua

2025, 64(9): 84-91. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.09.014

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The differences in volatile organic compound (VOC) profiles between herbivore-infested and healthy sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) plants were systematically analyzed, with particular emphasis placed on the circadian rhythm of VOC release induced by Trabala vishnou gigantina Yang. Dynamic headspace collection combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for analysis. Thirty-three volatiles were detected in infested plants, among which three compounds:Aristolochene, humulene, and hexyl 2-methylbutyrate were newly identified compared to those in healthy plants. Regarding release rhythm, peak volatile release was observed in damaged plants between 6:00 and 9:00, while in healthy plants, release peaks were recorded between 24:00 and 3:00. No release peak was observed in either group between 9:00 and 12:00. Six herbivore-induced volatiles showing significant diurnal variation:Aristolochene, hexyl 2-methylbutyrate, humulene, cis-3-hexenyl acetate, 2-ethylhexanol, and longifolene were all found to peak during the night. Distinct diurnal release patterns were exhibited by each volatile, which were influenced by both plant damage status and circadian rhythm. Generally, higher release levels were observed at night, and lower levels were detected during the day.

Identification and herbicidal activity of fungus MF08 from the gut of Vespa mandarinia Smith

WU Han-xi, ZHANG Yun, SONG Wen-qi, ZHANG Ying-luo, YIN Cai-ping

2025, 64(9): 92-95. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.09.015

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The gut symbiotic fungus MF08 of Vespa mandarinia Smith was selected as the research object. The fungus was identified through morphological observation and ITS sequence analysis, and the herbicidal activity of its fermentation products was systematically evaluated. The fermentation products were extracted with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol, yielding four crude extracts including an aqueous phase. The inhibitory effects of these crude extracts on root growth of Amaranthus retroflexus and Echinochloa crusgalli were determined using a petri dish bioassay. The ethyl acetate phase crude extract was further isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, and dextran gel column chromatography to obtain metabolites, whose structures were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The results indicated that strain MF08 was identified as Curvularia lunata. At the test concentration of 100 μg/mL, the ethyl acetate phase crude extract exhibited the best inhibitory effect on root growth of Amaranthus retroflexus and Echinochloa crusgalli, with inhibition rates of 77% and 88%, respectively, comparable to the activity of the positive control 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (with inhibition rates of 90% and 96%, respectively). Metabolite 1 and metabolite 2 were further isolated from this ethyl acetate phase; through structural identification,metabolite 1 was determined to be ethyl 2-acetyl-3,5-dihydroxyphenylacetate, and metabolite 2 was methyl 2-acetyl-3,5-dihydroxyphenylacetate. However, neither of them showed herbicidal activity at the same concentration.

Impact of different Osmanthus fragrans cultivars on the biochemical composition and antioxidant activity of osmanthus green tea

GUO Zhi-ming, YU Zi-ming, CHENG Fan-yang, CHEN De-lin, CHENG Chang-song, JIANG Hua, YU You-wen, ZI Hua-bin, TU Xiu-liang

2025, 64(9): 96-101. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.09.016

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To clarify the effects of different Osmanthus fragrans cultivars on the functional quality of osmanthus green tea, green tea processed from Fuding Dabaicha was used as the tea base and scented with Jingui, Yingui, Dangui, and Sijigui under a unified scenting process to prepare four types of osmanthus green tea samples. The active components, including total phenols, total flavonoids, tea polyphenols, caffeine, amino acids, and soluble sugars, were determined, and the antioxidant activity was evaluated. The results showed that different Osmanthus fragrans cultivars significantly influenced the functional composition and antioxidant capacity of osmanthus green tea. Among them, Jingui showed a balanced performance in all three antioxidant indices, achieving a comprehensive APC evaluation score of 93.54%, which was higher than that of the other treatments. The addition of osmanthus flowers significantly increased the amino acid (up to 80.18%) and soluble sugar contents in the tea infusion, while slightly decreasing the total catechin and tea polyphenol contents. Correlation analysis indicated that the contents of tea polyphenols and catechins were significantly positively correlated with the scavenging capacities of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radicals(r> 0.6, P<0.05).

Heavy metal concentrations and enrichment characteristics in different tissues of three shrub species in urban areas of Linzhi City

WANG Chao, CHEN Xu, LU Jie

2025, 64(9): 102-106. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.09.017

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Three typical shrub species:Lonicera tangutica, Rosa omeiensis, and Berberis johannis,were selected for study in Linzhi City, Xizang, which was regarded as a typical plateau urban area. The concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Hg in both leaves and fine roots were determined. By combining rhizospheric soil pollution assessment with analysis of the bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF), the heavy metal accumulation characteristics of these shrubs were systematically evaluated. The results indicated that Cd (P_i = 30.88) and Hg (P_i = 4.50) in the rhizospheric soil were severely contaminated, while Cr and Zn were the major accumulated elements. Berberis johannis exhibited a significantly higher accumulation capacity for Cr and Zn compared to the other species. The Cr content in its leaves (112.44 mg/kg) and the Zn content in its fine roots (106.29 mg/kg) were 1.45 times and 1.44 times the soil background values, respectively. It also showed a strong capacity for Cr translocation (TF = 2.48). The BCF of Lonicera tangutica for Cr suggested its potential for regional remediation, whereas Rosa omeiensis showed weak accumulation capacity for all six elements (BCF< 1). Due to its notable accumulation and translocation characteristics for Cr, Berberis johannis had potential for application in phytoextraction technologies and could serve as a candidate species for remediating Cr contamination in high-altitude cities.

Evaluation of heat tolerance of five Rhododendron varieties and physiological response to high-temperature stress in Da Yuanyang Jin Rhododendron

ZHOU Wen-hao, ZHENG Yong-run, FU Qiang, TAN Da-ming, LIU Xiu-qun

2025, 64(9): 107-113. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.09.018

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In order to explore the heat resistance of different varieties of Rhododendron and the physiological response mechanism of Da Yuanyang Jin Rhododendron, the semi-lethal temperature and high temperature leaf browning index of five oriental Rhododendron varieties including Da Yuanyang Jin, Yanzhi Mi, Shanhu Fen Mudan, Liehuo and Edinburgh were calculated, and cluster analysis was carried out. Da Yuanyang Jin Rhododendron was treated with different temperature stress to study the changes of physiological indexes under high temperature stress. The results showed that five Rhododendron cultivars could be divided into three groups: in the first group, Da Yuanyang Jin was a strong heat-resistant cultivar; the second group included Shanhu Fen Mudan, Yanzhi Mi and Edinburgh, which were semi-heat-resistant varieties. The third group was more heat-tolerant variety Liehuo. Da Yuanyang Jin Rhododendron showed different physiological responses under different high temperature stress conditions. With the increase of high-temperature degree stress, leaf MDA content increased under mild and moderate stress, but declined rapidly after 7 d under severe stress. Soluble sugar content showed a sustained rise under mild stress, initial decrease followed by increase under moderate stress, and an initial rise followed by decline under severe stress. Proline content significantly increased under moderate stress, while soluble protein content initially rose then fell under stress. Chlorophyll content decreased in controls and mild stress but slightly increased late under moderate/severe stress. POD activity generally increased first and then decreased under moderate and severe stress; SOD activity remained stable, whereas CAT activity declined more significantly under mild stress.

Effects of chlormequat chloride and mepiquat chloride on the growth, fruit quality, and yield of Ping’ou hybrid hazelnut

TIAN Hui, WU Yun-yan, WANG Yan, GAO Li

2025, 64(9): 114-119. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.09.019

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Aiming to explore the effects of different concentrations and spraying frequency of chlormequat chloride and mepiquat chloride on the growth and development, fruit yield and quality of Ping’ou hybrid hazelnut, Liaozhen No. 7 was used as the experimental material, with a control group (CK) treated with an equivalent amount of water. The chemical control treatments involved applying different concentrations of chlormequat chloride and mepiquat chloride (diluted 2 000, 1 500, 1 000, 800, and 600 times), and administering these treatments two or three times. The study measured parameters including chlorophyll content, yield(total husk yield, fresh fruit yield, and dry fruit yield), and fruit quality (assessing the longitudinal and transverse diameters of both dry fruits and kernels, kernel weight, and shell thickness). The results showed that the application of chlormequat chloride and mepiquat chloride significantly improved the photosynthesis of the leaves, fruit yield and quality of Ping’ou hybrid hazelnut, and at the same time had a certain inhibitory effect on the current year’s branches and bud spacing. The best yield-increasing effect was achieved by spraying 1 000 times diluted chlormequat chloride solution, which increased by 66.65% compared with CK. The best yield-increasing effect was achieved by spraying 1500 times diluted mepiquat chloride, which was 40.64% higher than that of CK. The results provided a reference for the rational utilization of chlormequat chloride and mepiquat chloride in the production of Ping’ou hybrid hazelnut.

Genetic diversity analysis and fingerprint construction of 17 strawberry varieties based on SSR molecular markers

GOU Yi-jie, YANG Zhen-hua, ZHANG Wen, GUO Jun-qiang

2025, 64(9): 120-125. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.09.020

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Using 35 pairs of SSR primers designed based on the strawberry genome sequence, 17 strawberry varieties were amplified and analyzed. The results showed that 33 pairs of primers were polymorphic, yielding 239 bands, of which 218 were polymorphic, with a polymorphic band rate of 91.2%. The number of polymorphic bands amplified by different primers ranged from 2 to 14, with an average of 15.15. The polymorphism information content (PIC) values at each locus ranged from 0.624 5 to 0.891 2, with an average of 0.798 8. The cluster analysis results revealed that the genetic distances among the 17 strawberry varieties ranged from 0.65 to 0.85. At a genetic distance threshold of 0.70, all tested materials could be classified into four distinct groups, containing 11, 2, 2, and 2 accessions, respectively. The construction of a fingerprint database of 17 strawberry varieties provided a technical basis for the identification of strawberry varieties, and the results provided a data basis for genetic breeding and variety improvement in the strawberry.

Influence of sample source, processing method and processing stages on the quality of Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex

HUANG Hao, ZHANG Ya-juan, HU Chang-qiang, GUO Xiao-liang

2025, 64(9): 126-133. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.09.021

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Three pieces of fresh bark from Phellodendron chinense Schneid. were collected. Each piece was longitudinally cut into four equal parts. One part was used as the control, and the other three parts were processed into fresh silk, dried medicinal material, and traditional silk using different methods. Metabolomic analysis was performed to analyze the effects of sample source and processing method on Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex. The results showed that the sample source had a greater influence on the metabolic profile of Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex than the processing method, whereas the processing method had a greater impact on the differential metabolites than the sample source. After processing the fresh bark, a total of 14 alkaloids were identified as differential metabolites. Their contents increased significantly during the processing stage from fresh bark to fresh silk and from fresh bark to dried medicinal material, but no significant change was observed from dried medicinal material to traditional silk. Additionally, there was no significant difference in the content of differential metabolites between fresh silk and traditional silk. The factors influencing the differential metabolites of Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex could be ranked by importance in descending order as follows: Preliminary drying, sample source, and subsequent drying and processing. Therefore, in the production of Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex silk, the key to quality control lay in the preliminary drying stage, followed by the classification and grading of raw material sources, with the subsequent drying and processing stage being the least critical.

Regulatory effects of carbon source and different concentrations of salicylic acid on the physiological characteristics and starch accumulation in Spirodela polyrrhiza

HUANG Ting, JIA Rong, XIANG Bei-bei

2025, 64(9): 134-140. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.09.022

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The regulatory effects of a carbon source and salicylic acid (SA) on the physiological characteristics and starch accumulation in Spirodela polyrrhiza were investigated. Under conditions with or without a carbon source,Spirodela polyrrhiza was treated with different concentrations of SA, and related physiological and biochemical indexes were determined. The results showed that both the dry and fresh weights of Spirodela polyrrhiza decreased with increasing SA concentration. However, the presence of a carbon source alleviated this growth inhibition. Chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics analysis indicated that the dissipated energy flux per reaction center (DIo/RC) increased, while the electron transport flux per reaction center (ETo/RC), the photosynthetic performance index (PIabs), and the comprehensive performance index (PItotal) decreased. The presence of a carbon source mitigated these changes, thereby reducing the inhibitory effect of SA on photosynthetic efficiency. Catalase (CAT) activity showed an upward trend with the increase of SA concentration only in the presence of a carbon source. Peroxidase (POD) activity showed an increasing trend, with a more pronounced increase in the absence of a carbon source. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased only in the presence of a carbon source, peaking at 200 μmol/L SA. In the presence of a carbon source, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content first increased and then decreased, reaching its lowest level at 200 μmol/L SA. Under carbon source starvation, the MDA content accumulated continuously. Starch content increased with increasing SA concentration and was higher in the presence of a carbon source.

Research progress on obtainment, structural characteristics and biological activity of selenizing Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide

HU Ping, KANG Zhen-xing

2025, 64(9): 141-147. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.09.023

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The acquisition methods of selenized Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharides were summarized, including the biological conversion method and the chemical synthesis method. The biological conversion method was more suitable for the agricultural production of Codonopsis pilosula medicinal materials. In the chemical synthesis method, the nitric acid-sodium selenite approach assisted by microwave technology significantly improved selenization efficiency and was more suitable for industrial production. This review covered the structural characteristics of selenized Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharides,such as chemical composition, physicochemical properties, and structural characterization,as well as advances in the study of their biological activities, including antioxidant, antitumor, and immunomodulatory effects. It was suggested that future research should focus on optimizing preparation processes, establishing quality control standards and evaluation systems, broadening the scope of biological activity studies, and enhancing product development efforts.

Effect of exogenous melatonin on seed germination and plantlet growth and development of Medicago polymorpha L. under drought stress

XIA Jin-hua, YUAN Xin

2025, 64(9): 148-156. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.09.024

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To investigate the effect of exogenous melatonin on the drought resistance of Medicago polymorpha L., this experiment used Medicago polymorpha L. seeds from Shanghai as materials and utilized plant tissue culture technology to set five concentrations of polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG-6000) for seed germination and plantlet growth experiments, and screened the threshold concentration of PEG-6000; under simulated drought stress at a threshold concentration of PEG-6000, six concentrations of melatonin (MT) were set to investigate the effects of exogenous melatonin on seed germination and plantlet growth and development of Medicago polymorpha L. under drought stress. The results showed that PEG-6000 simulation of drought stress significantly inhibited seed germination and plantlet growth and development of Medicago polymorpha L.. Under 5% PEG-6000 simulated drought stress, 0.01%-0.05% MT treatment could promote the seed germination and plantlet growth and development of Medicago polymorpha L.. External application of 0.01%-0.05% MT could significantly increase CAT activity, SOD activity, POD activity, soluble sugar content, soluble protein content, and proline content in Medicago polymorpha L. seedlings, also significantly upregulated the expression of WRKY transcription factor, protein TIFY 8, transcription factor MYB13, NAC transcription factor 47, ABC transporter A family member 7, late embryogenesis rich protein 2, and ethylene responsive transcription factor ERF110, while significantly reducing their MDA content. Therefore, MT treatment at an appropriate concentration could effectively alleviate the damage caused by drought stress to the seed germination and seedlings of Medicago polymorpha L., and significantly enhance the drought resistance of Medicago polymorpha L. seedlings.

Isolation and identification of a cellulase-high-producing lactic acid bacterium strain

YING Yang-yan, LI Chun-ling, FENG Xiang-ren, SU Ya-quan, YU Zhu-guang, CHEN Zhong-wei, LONG Bo, HUANG Ping-sheng, LI Chang-ting, PENG Hao, LI Yu-hua, LIU Yu-jun

2025, 64(9): 157-161. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.09.025

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The objective of this study was to enhance the utilisation of cellulose resources and reduce the production cost of microbial feed additives through the development of high-yielding cellulase strains. A total of 11 strains were isolated and cultured from the rumen contents of healthy dairy cows. The strains were identified by a combination of physiological and biochemical tests, PCR amplification and 16S rDNA sequencing. Congo red sodium carboxymethyl cellulose agar medium was selected for the initial screening of cellulase-producing bacterial strains, and the enzyme viability of the enzyme-producing strains was determined by the DNS method.Results showed that a high cellulase-producing strain of Lactobacillus paracasei was identified. In the context of optimally cultivated conditions, with 0.2% carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMC-Na) serving as the substrate, the cellulase activity attained 0.57 U/mL at 40 ℃ and pH 5.0.

Optimization of fermentation process and quality evaluation of Fu tea wine based on orthogonal test

CHENG Xiao-mei, XU Dan-dan, YUAN Yue, LI Yan, LIANG Yan, RAN Long-hai, JI Chang-zhong

2025, 64(9): 162-167. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.09.026

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Using Fu tea as the raw material, Fu tea wine was produced through crushing, extraction, filtration, antibacterial treatment, followed by the addition of sugar and fermentation agent, constant temperature fermentation, and pasteurization. The effects of the tea-to-water ratio, yeast inoculum, and initial sugar content on the fermentation of Fu tea wine were studied through single-factor and orthogonal tests, and the optimal preparation parameters were determined combined with sensory evaluation and other indicators. The results showed that the quality of the Fu tea wine was optimal when the tea-to-water ratio was 1∶40 (g∶mL), the yeast inoculum was 0.3%, the initial sugar content was 18%, and fermentation was conducted at 28 ℃ for 6 days. Under these conditions, the sensory score of the Fu tea wine reached 91 points, with an alcohol content of 10.1%, a tea polyphenol content of 1 102.97 mg/kg, a sugar content of 5.5%, and a total acid content of 4.71 g/L (calculated as tartaric acid). All indicators were harmonious and stable, and coliform bacteria were not detected, complying with national safety standards for fermented wines. The Fu tea wine was clear and transparent without sediment, with an aroma combining wine and tea notes, a full body, moderate sweetness and acidity, and a long-lasting tea flavor.

Optimization and application of isothermal multiple self-matching-initiated amplification (IMSA)method for detection of Staphylococcus aureus in foods

GUO Zhen, ZENG Chun-mei, XIE Yu-feng, LI Sha, WU Guan-feng, ZHANG Qing-fa, SONG Shu-ting

2025, 64(9): 168-172. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.09.027

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Specific primers were designed based on the nuc gene, and the reaction system of the isothermal multiple self-matching-initiated amplification (IMSA) method was optimized through gradient experiments by setting different temperatures, incubation times, enzyme amounts, and other conditions; its specificity and sensitivity were evaluated and compared with the PCR method. The results showed that the reaction system of the IMSA method achieved optimal amplification efficiency and specificity under the conditions of 63 ℃ reaction temperature, 45 min incubation time, 16 U/reaction Bst DNA polymerase, 4.0 mmol/L Mg²⁺, 2.0 mmol/L dNTPs, and 1.2 mol/L betaine. In the detection of three types of samples (raw milk, meat products, and fruit and vegetable products), both the positive agreement rate and negative agreement rate between the IMSA method and the PCR method reached 100%, with Kappa values both being 1.00 (P<0.01), indicating that the detection results of Staphylococcus aureus in the three types of samples by the two methods were completely consistent. The rapid detection method for Staphylococcus aureus based on the IMSA method exhibited high specificity, high sensitivity, and good practicality in food testing, providing an efficient and reliable means for food safety detection.

Determination of five inorganic anions in cigar tobacco leaves by ultrasonic extraction and ion chromatography

ZHOU Ting, CHEN Qi, LI Ping, LEI Jin-shan, LI Tian-xiao, TAN Wen-yuan, ZHANG Jing

2025, 64(9): 173-178. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.09.028

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To effectively evaluate the content of inorganic anions in cigar tobacco leaves and their correlation with position, grade, and origin, a method based on ultrasonic extraction and ion chromatography was developed for the simultaneous determination of five inorganic anions (F^-、Cl^-、SO₄^2-、NO₃^-、PO₄^3-). The pretreatment conditions such as extraction method and extraction temperature, as well as the ion chromatography analytical conditions, were systematically optimized, and quantitative determination of target ions in 40 cigar tobacco leaf samples was successfully achieved, and the correlations between the contents of five inorganic anions and position, grade, and origin were investigated. The results showed that the optimal extraction efficiency was achieved when tobacco leaf samples were extracted by ultrasonic extraction at 40 °C for 40 min, and the five inorganic anions were completely separated within 10 min. The method detection limit (LOD) ranged from 0.02 to 0.07 mg/L, and the quantification limit (LOQ) ranged from 0.08 to 0.24 mg/L. The intra-day precision was ≤2.25%, the inter-day precision was ≤3.94%, and the spike recovery rates ranged from 90.0% to 106.2%. The contents of F^- and PO₄^3- in cigar tobacco leaves were relatively low, while the Cl^- content was relatively high in some samples. Significant differences in inorganic anion content were observed among cigar tobacco leaves from different production areas, and the content increased with the improvement of tobacco leaf grade. The inorganic anion content increased sequentially from upper, middle, to lower position tobacco leaves, indicating a certain correlation between inorganic anion content and the position, grade, and origin of cigar tobacco leaves.

International positioning and implications of China’s environmental standards for lead in soil based on comparative analysis of 15 typical countries and regions

YE Jing, ZHAO Ya-rong, QIAN Bo, YE Qing, PENG Li-jun

2025, 64(9): 179-184. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.09.029

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Through systematic investigation and comparative analysis of environmental standards for lead in soil from 15 typical countries and regions (covering Europe, North America, and Asia-Pacific), differences in standard limits, land use classification, and risk assessment methods were revealed.The results indicated that China’s environmental standard values for lead in agricultural soil were stricter than international counterparts; the risk screening values for lead in residential and industrial/commercial soil were consistent with the international median level, but the risk control values fell within the 75%~95% percentile range, indicating relatively lenient control. Significant differences in standard values for lead in soil among different countries and regions were attributed to four main factors: sensitive receptor selection, land use classification systems, exposure model parameter settings, and acceptable risk levels.

Simultaneous localization and dense mapping for farmland scenes with stereo vision

FANG Wei-zhou, MENG Xiao-yan, ZHOU Hong, DING Xiao-chen

2025, 64(9): 185-194. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.09.030

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To address the pose drift and mapping degradation caused by dynamic illumination and low-texture environments in farmland scenes for traditional visual SLAM(simultaneous localization and mapping), a stereo vision-based simultaneous localization and dense mapping method was proposed. First, line features were introduced into the tracking thread and combined with point features for fusion matching to enhance the system’s robustness in low-texture and dynamic illumination environments and improve the stability of feature extraction and tracking. Second, based on the original SLAM architecture, a dense mapping thread was added to generate high-precision disparity maps using a deep learning-based stereo matching network, effectively overcoming depth estimation errors in textureless, occluded, and edge regions. High-quality dense point cloud maps were constructed through point cloud registration, point cloud fusion, and point cloud filtering, and the map accuracy was further improved after global bundle adjustment (BA) optimization.Results showed that on the EuRoC and KITTI Odometry datasets, the average absolute trajectory error (ATE) of the StereoDenseSLAM (SDSLAM) algorithm was 0.1121 and 2.137, respectively, which were lower than those of ORB-SLAM2, ORB-SLAM3, and PL-SLAM algorithms, indicating a significant improvement in localization accuracy. On the self-built dataset, the SDSLAM algorithm achieved high-precision dense reconstruction results, which well reflected real farmland scene information and met the requirements for constructing 3D dense point cloud maps in farmland scenes.

Chroma values replacing appearance characteristics for rapid and accurate identification of flue-cured tobacco leaf varieties

CHEN Da-jiang, JIN Ying, ZHANG Fen-fen, ZHAO Xiao-jun, YANG Ya-xin, LIU Zheng-ling, ZHOU Peng

2025, 64(9): 195-201. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.09.031

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This paper aimed to optimize the efficiency and accuracy of existing identification methods for flue-cured tobacco leaf varieties and further enhance the usability of tobacco leaves in the cigarette industry.Based on the CIELAB color space theory, chroma values of three varieties of flue-cured tobacco leaves from the Kunming production area were measured using a chroma meter, and a method for rapid and accurate identification of tobacco leaf varieties was established. The results showed that both chroma values and appearance characteristics could be used to identify different varieties of flue-cured tobacco leaves, but the chroma values measured by the chroma meter were more accurate and reliable, and the chroma values could better reflect the appearance characteristics of tobacco leaves.Although there was a small amount of overlap between different samples, the overall clustering effect was good, indicating that there were differences in chroma values between different varieties from the same position, which could effectively characterize the features of each variety. A Fisher discriminant model was established using indicators such as lightness (L*), red-green chroma value (a*), yellow-blue chroma value (b*), saturation (C), and color difference (ΔE). The cross-validation results of the model showed that the recognition rate of the training set was 83.3%, and the cross-validation recognition rate was 81.1%. The two results were close and both at a high level, indicating that the model could effectively identify flue-cured tobacco leaf varieties. This method could better avoid the interference of environmental and human factors in the identification of tobacco leaf varieties, promoting the identification of different varieties of flue-cured tobacco leaves from qualitative to quantitative and from empirical to theoretical.

Recognition method for tobacco leaves curing stages in step-type curing barns using improved YOLOv8

WANG Chun-qing, SHANG Shu-qi, ZHANG Xi-ya, LIU Wei, YUE Dan-song

2025, 64(9): 202-212. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.09.032

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To address the need for recognizing tobacco leaves curing stages in step-type curing barns, a real-time detection model named T-YOLOv8 based on improved YOLOv8 was proposed. First, a lightweight EfficientViT was introduced as the backbone network to enhance the detection accuracy and inference speed of the model in highly complex scenarios. Second, by designing a deformable adaptive attention mechanism module (DA-Attention), the model’s feature fusion and expression capabilities under different environmental conditions were enhanced, further improving its robustness with diverse data inputs.Finally, a cross-stage feature extraction module (CSPStage) and an improved loss function (Focal EIoU_loss) were incorporated to optimize the efficiency of target feature extraction and fusion while reducing the computational cost of the model. The results showed that the precision, recall, and mean average precision (mAP50) of the T-YOLOv8 model reached 90.3%, 94.1%, and 95.2%, respectively, representing improvements of 5.2%, 4.1%, and 5.2% compared to the YOLOv8 model. Compared to the YOLO series models and classical object detection models, the T-YOLOv8 model demonstrated significant advantages in real-time performance and accuracy. The T-YOLOv8 model achieved real-time monitoring of tobacco leaves curing status in step-type curing barns, providing support for the construction of intelligent and automated curing systems.

Research on crop remote sensing classification in the Tailan River Irrigation District of Wensu County using the EAA-UNet

LI Jie, DONG Luan

2025, 64(9): 213-219. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.09.033

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To accurately identify crop planting types in the Tailan River Irrigation District of Wensu County, Xinjiang, an improved pixel classification method for remote sensing imagery was proposed based on deep learning technology.Using Gaofen series satellite data (including GF1, GF1B, GF6, and GF2), fine annotation was performed based on GF2 fused imagery, and the annotation results were validated through field surveys. The validated annotations were then uniformly registered to other imagery data, ultimately constructing a multi-category classification dataset with a sample size of 128 px × 128 px.The EAA-UNet model significantly improved feature extraction performance by integrating the ECA module, ASSP multi-scale feature extraction module, and gated attention mechanism module.Quantitative evaluation was conducted using three metrics: Accuracy (A), Precision (P), and Mean Intersection over Union (MIoU), and a comparative analysis with current mainstream pixel classification models was performed to validate the superiority of the EAA-UNet model. The results showed that the EAA-UNet model achieved Accuracy, Precision, and MIoU values of 71.56%, 82.79%, and 69.94%, respectively, all higher than those of the FCN8s, UNet, ResUNet, and DeepLabV3+ models.The EAA-UNet model performed excellently in the crop classification task in the Tailan River Irrigation District, with its predictions highly consistent with the actual planting types of the plots. The EAA-UNet model effectively addressed the ambiguity in crop classification in the irrigation district through its introduced improvements, not only achieving precise identification of planted crop types but also providing reliable data support for subsequent water demand prediction in the Tailan River Irrigation District.

Application of GEE and multi-source remote sensing in automated sample generation and classification of winter wheat：Taking Handan City as an example

LI Ya-qiang, CAO Jun-tao, CHANG Yu-fei, MENG Cheng-zhen, ZHANG Jun, DAO Jian, ZHAO Chun-lei, QUAN Chang

2025, 64(9): 220-228. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.09.034

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Taking Handan City as the study area, a method for automatic generation of training samples and classification of winter wheat was constructed based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform and multi-source remote sensing data.By integrating SNIC segmentation, phenological feature screening, and the random forest algorithm, a multi-feature combination scheme incorporating spectra, vegetation indices, and texture was established. The results showed that feature combination ③ (spectra + vegetation indices + texture) achieved the best extraction performance, with the lowest relative error for three consecutive years (0.21% in 2023, 1.33% in 2024, and 0.44% in 2025), and the overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient improved annually.Based on this scheme, spatial distribution maps of winter wheat planting in Handan City from 2023 to 2025 were generated, revealing a distribution pattern concentrated in the eastern plains and sparse in the western mountainous areas. Growth monitoring indicated that the light, temperature, precipitation, and humidity conditions during the entire growth period of winter wheat in Handan City in 2025 were well-matched, the NDVI increment was predominantly favorable, and the overall growth status was better than that in 2023 and 2024. The automatic generation sample method demonstrated good applicability and stability in large-scale crop classification.

Genetic mapping of the Osps-2 gene responsible for male sterility mutant in rice

GAN Tian, CAI Kai, TU Ze-yan, WANG Chao

2025, 64(9): 229-237. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.09.035

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To elucidate the molecular mechanism of male sterility in rice (Oryza sativa L.) and its potential application in crop genetic improvement, a sterile mutant was obtained using EMS (ethyl methanesulfonate) mutagenesis and named Osps-2. Compared with the wild-type Nipponbare, the Osps-2 mutant did not show significant differences in vegetative growth but produced no seeds at maturity.Morphological observation revealed that almost no normal pollen was observed in the anthers of the Osps-2 mutant at the mature stage, indicating that its sterility phenotype might originate from abnormal pollen development. Cytological analysis found that after release from the tetrad, the microspores of wild-type Nipponbare could successfully complete subsequent development and eventually form mature pollen. In contrast, the microspores of the Osps-2 mutant degraded after release from the tetrad, accompanied by gradual shrinkage of the pollen sacs and no pollen formation. Through the screening of sterile individuals in the F2 segregation population and genetic analysis with molecular markers, the Osps-2 gene was successfully mapped to a region between 18 809 kb and 20 269 kb on chromosome 10 of rice.

Complete genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the Wuhan isolate of soybean mosaic virus

DENG Ke-lin, LU Zi-hua, LI Yan-jiao, YANG Yuan-xiao, LI Chao, CHEN Shui-lian, YANG Hong-li, SHAN Zhi-hui, HAO Qing-nan, CHEN Hai-feng

2025, 64(9): 238-245. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.09.036

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Soybean leaves showing mosaic symptoms were collected from Wuhan, and a soybean mosaic virus (SMV) strain, named SMV-WH, was obtained through RT-PCR detection and whole genome amplification. The complete genome of SMV-WH was 9 940 nt in length, with an open reading frame encoding a polyprotein located at 111~9 719 nt. Sequence analysis showed that the whole genome nucleotide sequence identity between SMV-WH and 164 SMV strains from GenBank ranged from 74.88% to 98.36%, and the amino acid sequence identity ranged from 75.15% to 99.09%, indicating that SMV-WH had high genetic diversity. Phylogenetic analysis showed that SMV-WH clustered with Chinese isolates LJZ010, LJZ002, DSMZ PV-0841, DSMZ PV-0938, JSJJ00 and SCSN, and Korean isolate Anseong, and was most closely related to Anseong and SCSN. The E299K mutation in the protein 1（P1） altered the protein kinase C phosphorylation site, while the G593S mutation in the helper component proteinase(HC-Pro) changed the casein kinase Ⅱ phosphorylation site. Three-dimensional structure prediction indicated that these mutations caused changes in protein conformation.

The three-path approach to green development in Chinese-style modernized rural areas

SUN Quan-sheng

2025, 64(9): 246-251. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.09.037

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The connotation, characteristics, and influencing factors of green development in Chinese-style modernized rural areas were explored. In response to challenges such as constraints from traditional concepts, insufficient funding and technology, and an imperfect policy system, a three-path development approach was proposed. In terms of the environmental protection path, the necessity of ecological conservation was elaborated, and practices for green ecological environment construction were introduced, including strengthening the rational use of land resources, conducting pollution control, and promoting multi-stakeholder collaborative governance. Regarding the green agricultural development path, the concepts, models of green agriculture and its contribution to rural development were clarified. To address issues such as insufficient coordination between agricultural production and environmental protection, shortage of technology and funds, and weak market and policy support, countermeasures like enhancing agricultural technical training, improving production supervision, and developing sales channels were proposed. In the green lifestyle path, the significance and requirements of green living in rural areas were explained. To tackle challenges such as low resident recognition, constraints from economic and technological conditions, and inadequate infrastructure, measures such as strengthening publicity and guidance, improving infrastructure, and formulating incentive policies were suggested, ultimately promoting green, coordinated, and sustainable development in rural areas.

Construction and cultivation of vocational competence of new farmers under the background of smart agriculture

WU Su-chun, HU Xin-yue, YIN Hao, WEI Zhong-dui, ZHU Bo-lin

2025, 64(9): 252-256. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.09.038

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On the basis of clarifying the connotation of smart agriculture and vocational competence, the supporting role of new farmers in the development of smart agriculture was analyzed. Based on the talent demands in the context of smart agriculture, key elements of job requirements for new farmers were identified through web crawling and analysis of recruitment texts. A framework for their professional competence was then constructed, encompassing five dimensions: Knowledge, skills, abilities, psychological qualities, and professional beliefs. Finally, pathways for cultivating new farmers under the background of smart agriculture were proposed. The research results would contribute to building a high-quality talent team that met the needs of smart agriculture development, enhancing the vocational adaptability of new farmers, and promoting agricultural modernization.

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