Table of Content

25 August 2025, Volume 64 Issue 8

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Remote Sensing Image Recognition

Research on rapeseed field weed recognition based on improved RT-DETR model

ZHANG Lei, LENG Xin, CHEN Jia-kai, LI Zong-xuan

2025, 64(8):  1-9.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.08.001

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Four typical weeds Xanthium strumarium,Setaria viridis, Chenopodium album,Ambrosia artemisiifoliain in rapeseed fields were taken as the research objects. Key challenges in weed detection, including small seedling targets, weak features of withered weeds, and difficulty in identifying highly overlapping areas, were addressed by proposing an improved detection method based on the RT-DETR (Region transformer DETR) model. The asymptotic feature pyramid network (AFPN) replaced the original cross-scale context fusion module (CCFM) in the RT-DETR model, effectively resolving the imbalanced feature distribution issue in withered weeds caused by blurred texture and feature sparsity. The SPD-Conv module was introduced into the backbone network to enhance the feature representation capability for small-target weeds. The convolutional block attention module (CBAM) was integrated at the end of the backbone network, effectively mitigating feature information loss under low-resolution targets and occlusion conditions. Systematic ablation experiments and comparative experiments verified that the improved RT-DETR+AFPN+SPD-Conv+CBAM (RW-DETR) model demonstrated significant advantages in both detection accuracy and robustness. The RW-DETR model achieved recognition precision and mean average precision of 85.2% and 82.5%, respectively, for weeds in rapeseed fields, significantly outperforming the RT-DETR model, Faster R-CNN model, SSD model, YOLOv5m model, and YOLOv8m model. While maintaining real-time detection performance, the RW-DETR model significantly improved weed recognition effectiveness in complex scenes, meeting the accuracy and efficiency requirements of modern agriculture for weed detection systems.

Research on a lightweight rice pests and diseases recognition model based on the improved YOLOv8

LI Peng-fei, ZENG Jing

2025, 64(8):  10-16.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.08.002

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Based on the YOLOv8 model, the ShuffleNetv2 module and the Conv_MaxPool module were introduced simultaneously to construct the improved YOLOv8 model (YOLOv8-ShuffleNetv2-Conv_MaxPool). By integrating the ShuffleNetv2 module and the Conv_MaxPool module into the YOLOv8 model, the improved YOLOv8 model significantly enhanced the comprehensive performance of rice pests and diseases detection while maintaining its lightweight design, effectively reducing both the false detection rate and the missed detection rate. The improved YOLOv8 model demonstrated excellent performance across multiple datasets, further validating its robustness and generalization ability. Ablation studies demonstrated that, on the custom dataset, compared to the original YOLOv8 model, the improved YOLOv8 model achieved increases of 3.73 percentage points in accuracy, 3.56 percentage points in precision, 3.78 percentage points in recall, and 3.73 percentage points in F1-score, while maintaining a parameter size of only 24.80 MB. On the Coco128 dataset, the improved YOLOv8 model performed the best, with all key metrics averaging approximately 88.00%, significantly outperforming the original YOLOv8 model, the YOLOv8-ShuffleNetv2 model, and the YOLOv8-Conv_MaxPool model. This model effectively enabled rapid and accurate recognition of rice pests and diseases in practical production environments.

Research on anthracnose disease grading method for pepper fruits based on machine vision technology

ZOU Wei, YUE Yan-bin, LI Li-jie, CHEN Wei-rong, HAN Wei, ZHU Cun-zhou

2025, 64(8):  17-23.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.08.003

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To address the issues of strong subjectivity and low detection efficiency in traditional pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) disease grading methods, this study proposed a machine vision-based semantic segmentation model for automated rapid grading and identification of anthracnose-infected pepper fruits.Under controlled enclosed environments,sunlight was simulated, and images of healthy fruits and four disease severity levels across different pepper varieties were collected. Principal component analysis was employed to reduce redundant image features, extracting three key color components (Cb, Cr, R) with a cumulative contribution rate of 95%. Model 1 (Decision Tree), model 2 (Naive Bayes), model 3 (SVM), and model 4 (KNN) were trained. Model 1 (Decision Tree) demonstrated the shortest training time and highest precision, establishing it as the optimal prediction model for anthracnose disease grading. It required low computational resources and occupied minimal memory, facilitating future edge deployment. Model 1 achieved precision rates of 90.3%~98.2% for pepper fruits and 75.3%~80.7% for disease spots. Its recall rate for anthracnose disease grading was 73.3%~93.3%, with the recall rate for healthy peppers (Level 0) exceeding 90.0%. The prediction results of model 1 showed high consistency with manual annotations across all disease levels, verifying its applicability in automated disease monitoring systems as a replacement for manual visual grading methods.

UAV multispectral data-based leaf area index retrieval for citrus

CHEN Zhi-yu, DOU Shi-qing

2025, 64(8):  24-30.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.08.004

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Citrus (Citrus reticulata) was selected as the research object, and UAV multispectral data and citrus leaf area index (LAI) data were collected. After band selection and combination of the multispectral data, three feature processing approaches (Boruta algorithm, RFECV method, and no feature selection) were employed, each combined with three machine learning regression models (support vector regression (SVR), random forest regression (RFR), and backpropagation neural network regression (BPNNR)) to construct nine combined models for LAI estimation. The model parameters were optimized using the GridSearchCV method, the accuracy and stability of each model were compared, the optimal LAI prediction model was selected, and a spatial distribution image of citrus LAI was generated. The results showed that the Boruta algorithm could effectively select feature variables and reduce model overfitting. Among the nine combined models, the Boruta_BPNNR model performed best in citrus LAI estimation, exhibiting low data dispersion and a high degree of fit between the regression curve and the diagonal line. The LAI retrieval results indicated that the spatial distribution of LAI in the study area showed a distinct north-south gradient difference, with LAI generally higher in the northern region than in the southern region. This was basically consistent with the spatial pattern observed in the field survey, where citrus growth was lush in the north region and relatively sparse in the south region.

Breeding & Cultivation

Breeding and molecular detection of a new peanut variety Guihua 62 with wild relatives

YU Hong, GAO Zhong-kui, HE Liang-qiong, HAN Zhu-qiang, HUANG Zhi-peng, TANG Rong-hua, JIANG Jing, LI Bo-ying

2025, 64(8):  31-34.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.08.005

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Guihua 62 was a new peanut variety bred by crossing wild peanut germplasm Arachis doigoi, with cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Zhongkaihua No.4, Zhanyou 75, and &x0201c;2010-856” through inter-specific hybridization and intra-specific hybridization, combined with multiple generations of directional selection and pedigree breeding method. The results showed that, in the joint trial of new peanut varieties in Guangxi from 2019 to 2020, the average pod yield of Guihua 62 was 3 350.93 kg/hm², and the average seed yield was 2 229.30 kg/hm², which increased by 1.40% and 4.82% respectively compared to the control Guihua 21;the crude fat content was 54.80%, and the protein content was 24.80%; the weight of one hundred fruits was 169.6 g, with a filling rate of 78.2%;the weight of one hundred kernels was 61.2 g, with a kernel yield of 66.8%. According to SSR molecular marker detection,4 out of 15 pairs of SSR primers amplified unique bands of wild peanut parents in Guihua 62. In summary, Guihua 62 had high oil, high yield, stable production, moderate resistance to bacterial wilt and rust, strong drought resistance, wide adaptability,and excellent comprehensive traits, and was closely related to wild peanut. It was registered as a non major crop (peanut) by the state in 2020 and was suitable for promotion and planting in peanut production areas in Guangxi.

Identification and evaluation of thermotolerance in japonica rice germplasm resources under whole growth period warming stress

LE Si, TU Hang, HU Jia-xiao, LIU Jin, ZHOU Hui-ying, MENG Bing-xin, YU Li-qin, LI Mao-mao

2025, 64(8):  35-41.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.08.006

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In order to explore the response of yield and appearance quality of Japonica rice germplasm resources to temperature increase and screen out thermotolerance germplasm resources of Japonica rice, 365 core germplasms of Japonica rice from the research in the early stage were used as experimental materials, and the conventional field was used as the control. The artificial greenhouse was used to increase the temperature during the whole growth period, and the plant height, yield components and appearance quality traits of Japonica rice were measured. The results showed that, compared with the control, the growth and development process of Japonica rice was accelerated, the growth period was significantly shortened, and the tiller number was significantly reduced under the whole growth period warming stress. At maturity, under the whole growth period warming stress, the effective panicle number, the primary branch number, seed setting rate and thousand-grain weight decreased significantly or extremely significantly, the grain width and grain thickness increased, the length-width ratio decreased, and the grain was short and round. Compared with the control, the appearance quality deteriorated, the chalky rice rate and chalkiness degree increased significantly, and the grain transparency decreased significantly under the whole growth period warming stress. In addition, it was also found that different yield factors had different responses to warming stress, and the thermotolerance of different Japonica rice varieties was also significantly different. Ten strong thermotolerance Japonica rice germplasms with excellent comprehensive traits were identified and screened by using the key thermotolerance response indexes such as effective panicle number, seed setting rate, chalky rice rate and chalkiness degree, as well as the comprehensive heat tolerance coefficient.

Photosynthetic physiological characteristics of different types of rapeseed and their correlation with agronomic traits

ZHAO Cai-xia, WANG Jin-xiong, NAN Zhi-qiang, LI Shi-meng, YANG Guang-huan

2025, 64(8):  42-47.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.08.007

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Forty-four different types of rapeseed were used as materials. The photosynthetic indices, chlorophyll content and green leaf area were measured at the initial flowering stage, and the agronomic traits were investigated at the mature stage. The photosynthetic characteristics of different types of rapeseed and their correlation with agronomic traits were analyzed, and materials with high net photosynthetic efficiency were screened out. The results showed that the chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate at the initial flowering stage were in the order of introduced Brassica napus>Brassica juncea > local Brassica napus>Brassica campestris. The net photosynthetic rate of the 44 materials ranged from 2.20 to 11.47 μmol/(m²·s), showing a skewed normal distribution. The net photosynthetic rate of most materials was 4~6 μmol/(m²·s), accounting for 47% of the total materials. Correlation analysis showed that the net photosynthetic rate at the initial flowering stage was significantly positively correlated with plant height, branching position and number of siliques per plant, with correlation coefficients of 0.426, 0.340 and 0.289, respectively. Three materials with high net photosynthetic rate at the initial flowering stage were screened out, which were introduced Brassica napus variety Y16, and Brassica juncea varieties “94 (08)” and “98 (02)”, with net photosynthetic rates of 11.47, 10.33 and 11.04 μmol/(m²·s) respectively.

Changes of starch content in different potato varieties with tuber diameter

XU Ning, LIU Dong-xue, ZHANG Hong-liang, XU Ya-kun, WANG Wei-feng, ZHANG Rong-hua

2025, 64(8):  48-53.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.08.008

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Three potato （Solanum tuberosum L.）varieties, namely Atlantic, Eugene, and Holland, were used as materials to determine the starch content in tubers of different diameters and analyze the relationship between starch content and tuber diameter. The results showed that the amylopectin content of the three tested potato varieties was significantly higher than the amylose content, indicating that amylopectin was the dominant starch type, and the cortex was the main storage site for starch. The tuber diameters corresponding to the accumulation peaks of amylose and amylopectin contents in different parts of the three varieties were different. Before the peak, the starch content increased with the increase of tuber diameter. Except for individual cases, the differences in starch content between different diameter grades of tubers reached a significant level, showing a linear growth trend with a good correlation. The tuber starch content of atlantic was the highest, and the correlation with tuber diameter was the best , so it could be used as a key object for studying the variation law of potato starch content. Meanwhile, according to the variation law of starch content in tubers of the three varieties, it was concluded that there was a positive correlation between starch growth rate and starch content.

The creation of waxy sorghum maintainer line resources by test cross identification combined with quantitative trait genetic analysis

HAN Yong-liang, FANG Lu-bin, LUO He-yue, CUI Jiang-hui, GUO Qun, CHANG Jin-hua

2025, 64(8):  54-61.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.08.009

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The application of three-line hybrid waxy sorghum in production had been constrained by the scarcity of elite waxy maintainer germplasm resources. To rapidly create waxy sorghum maintainer germplasm resources, the F₂ segregating population and F_2:3 family population were constructed by using Aijiaonuo as the male parent and maintainer line TX623B as the female parent. The inheritance of sorghum quantitative traits such as plant height and stem diameter was analyzed by using the major gene+polygene mixed model. The results showed that the plant height was controlled by two pairs of major genes, and the heritability was high. Stem diameter was controlled by a pair of major genes, and the heritability was low. Based on the results of genetic analysis, a weighted comprehensive evaluation and screening system based on fuzzy similarity priority ratio was established by DPS data processing system, and the weighted comprehensive evaluation of F_2:3 families was carried out. The application direction of excellent family materials in variety breeding was evaluated by comprehensive evaluation, and waxy maintainer materials with good comprehensive traits and phenotypic traits close to TX623B were screened out, which provided a method basis and material basis for sorghum variety breeding and heterosis utilization.

Resource & Environment

Spatial-temporal changes of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer application for major crops in China from 2000 to 2020

WEI Jing, ZUO Li-jun, WANG Xiao, HU Shun-guang, ZHANG Zeng-xiang, LIU Yan-jun, QUAN Luo-ping

2025, 64(8):  62-72.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.08.010

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By integrating statistical data and remote sensing information, a spatiotemporal dataset of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer application rates for 14 major crops in 2000, 2010, and 2020 was constructed, and changes in sown area, fertilization intensity, and fertilizer application amount were analyzed. The results showed that from 2000 to 2020, the sown area of major crops in China continued to increase, with a growth rate of 12.18%. The nitrogen fertilizer application intensity of 9 crops decreased significantly, with a reduction range of 7.91% to 54.12%, while the phosphorus fertilizer application intensity of 10 crops showed an upward trend, with an increase range of 1.62% to 191.17%. Spatially, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer application amounts showed similar regional differences, with the Huanghuai region having the highest application amount. The proportion of nitrogen fertilizer application for the three major staple crops remained above 80%, and that of phosphorus fertilizer application remained above 70%. In terms of temporal changes, the nitrogen fertilizer application amount of major crops in China generally showed a decreasing trend, with an overall reduction of 14.57%, while the phosphorus fertilizer application amount showed an increasing trend, with an overall increase of 26.98%. This increase mainly occurred in northern China.

Co-composting of phosphogypsum, rice straw and chicken manure and its effect on soil improvement

HE Ying-lin, LI Wen-long, CHI Ru-an, SHI Jun-wei, LI Jian-fen, QIN Zhen-hua

2025, 64(8):  73-78.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.08.011

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Rice straw was used as the main raw composting material and chicken manure was used to adjust the ratio of carbon to nitrogen, then 30% phosphogypsum according to the mass of dry straw was added to explore the effects of phosphogypsum on straw+chicken manure composting process and also the soil improvement of the compost products was investigated. The results showed that compost had significant decomposition and disintegration effects on straw and phosphogypsum. In the composting process, the duration of the high temperature period of the stack containing 30% phosphogypsum still met the requirement of harmless composting, and the temperature stability in the later stage of composting was improved. At the end of composting, the seed germination index value could reach 106.77%. The application effect of compost products in soil showed that compared with the straw+chicken manure compost product without phosphogypsum, the compost fertilizer with phosphogypsum could increase the saturated water content, field water capacity, electrical conductivity and available phosphorus content of soil. From the perspective of fertilization, the co-composting of phosphogypsum + straw + chicken manure had the potential to improve soil.

Effects of different phosphorus levels on the growth and nutrient uptake of flue-cured tobacco

YANG Dong-yuan, CAI Hua-yong, LI Meng-xia, SU Pi-ren, PU Zhao-shan, XIONG Pu-juan, CHEN Hong, TANG Kai-wu, LIU Feng, GENG Shao-wu

2025, 64(8):  79-84.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.08.012

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Taking tobacco variety K326 as the test material, under hydroponic conditions, the effects of five phosphorus concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 mmol/L (calculated as P₂O₅) on the growth, relative conductivity, antioxidant capacity, plastid pigment content and absorption of main nutrient elements of flue-cured tobacco seedlings were explored. The results showed that phosphorus concentration significantly affected the nutrient absorption, growth and development of flue-cured tobacco. With the increase of phosphorus concentration, the growth of tobacco seedlings first increased and then tended to be stable; the relative conductivity and antioxidant capacity first decreased and then increased; the plastid pigment content and the content of main nutrient elements in tobacco leaves first increased and then decreased. When the phosphorus concentration was 2.0 mmol/L, the contents of lutein, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids were the highest, and the contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, total calcium and total magnesium in tobacco leaves also reached the highest. This indicated that appropriate phosphorus application was helpful to improve the nutrient absorption efficiency of flue-cured tobacco seedlings, enhance their stress resistance, and alleviate environmental stress, and the concentration of P₂O₅ at 2.0 mmol/L had the best effect on the nutrient uptake of flue-cured tobacco.

Spatial and temporal characteristics, driving factors, and decoupling analysis with agricultural economy of methane emissions from livestock and poultry farming in Hebei Province

ZUO Wei-kun, WANG Chun-bo, ZHAO Wei-chang, GAO Peng-yuan, LIANG Dai-song, SI Lei, LIU Wei, LI Xu-liang

2025, 64(8):  85-90.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.08.013

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Taking Hebei Province as the research area, the methane emissions from the livestock and poultry farming from 2013 to 2022 were estimated using the emission factor method specified in the Guidelines for Compiling Provincial Greenhouse Gas Inventories. The spatial and temporal variation characteristics, driving factors, and decoupling relationship with agricultural economy of regional methane emissions were explored using the centroid model, LMDI factor decomposition model, and Tapio decoupling model. The results showed that, from 2013 to 2022, the annual methane emissions from livestock and poultry farming in Hebei Province reached 482 700 to 706 100 tons, and the emissions showed an overall trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The methane emissions reached the peak in 2015, and then declined and gradually stabilized. In 2022, methane emissions from livestock and poultry farming decreased to 541 600 tons. From 2013 to 2022, the gravity center of methane emissions from livestock and poultry farming in Hebei Province was mainly located in the Xiong’an New Area, and the gravity center was generally shifting northward. Among the driving factors, agricultural production efficiency, agricultural production structure, and population size exerted an inhibitory effect on methane emissions, with agricultural production efficiency showing the most significant inhibition. In contrast, the level of economic development promoted methane emissions. From 2013 to 2022, the relationship between methane emissions from livestock and poultry farming and the agricultural economy in Hebei Province had gone through four states, with strong decoupling being the main trend. From 2018 to 2020, Hebei entered a stage of strong decoupling, with negative growth in methane emissions and positive growth in agricultural economy.

Variation characteristics of climate resources during the growth period of early-maturing cotton in Huanggang City

ZHAO Shu-qi, ZHANG Hua-chong, YAN Zhen-hua, LI Guo-hua, LI Wei, HUANG Xiao-li, DAI Bao-sheng, ZHANG Xin

2025, 64(8):  91-96.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.08.014

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The climatic resources such as temperature and rainfall during the growth period of early-maturing cotton in Huanggang City, Hubei Province, from 1990 to 2019 were analyzed in order to reveal the changes of climatic resources during the growth period of early-maturing cotton in this area, and to provide a scientific basis for the breeding and management techniques of early-maturing cotton in Huanggang City, so as to lay a foundation for the promotion of early-maturing cotton in Huanggang City. The results showed that from 1990 to 2019, in the sowing-emergence stage of early maturing cotton, the rainfall was moderate and the probability of rainfall was high, which was suitable for entropy-controlled machine sowing and conducive to achieving full seedling emergence at one sowing. The temperature in the emergence-flowering and flowering-boll opening stages was higher than that of the sowing-emergence stage and boll opening-harvest stage, and the rainfall was more, but with the passage of time, the rainfall in the two stages showed a decreasing trend. From the boll opening stage to the stop growth stage, the rainfall was less and the rainfall probability was low. Based on the climatic characteristics of Huanggang City, it was suggested that early-maturing cotton varieties with high temperature resistance and high density resistance should be selected in Huanggang City. The sowing time should not be later than June 5, and the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy should be emphasized.

Preparation of biochar from spent Pleurotus ostreatus substrate and its adsorption effect on lead and cadmium ions in water

CHEN Hua, CHANG Yu-hang, ZHANG Jia-yi, LI Qiang

2025, 64(8):  97-103.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.08.015

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To alleviate environmental pollution caused by the accumulation of agricultural solid waste, spent Pleurotus ostreatus substrate was used as raw material to prepare biochar at pyrolysis temperatures ranging from 300 to 800 ℃. The biochars were characterized using SEM-EDS, BET, and FTIR techniques. The results showed that as the pyrolysis temperature increased, the pH of the biochar initially rose and then declined, the output capacity decreased, the carbon content increased while the oxygen content decreased, and aromaticity was enhanced. When the pyrolysis temperature ranged from 300 to 750 ℃, the number of pores gradually increased and their arrangement became uniform as the pyrolysis temperature rose; however, at 800 ℃, the porous structure collapsed, resulting in reduced specific surface area and pore volume. The intensity of functional group vibrations weakened at higher temperatures, and the CaCO₃ content in biochar produced at 750 ℃ increased, promoting the precipitation of heavy metal ions. The results of heavy metal wastewater treatment by biochar prepared at 750 ℃ showed that the adsorption rate of Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ reached 97.63% and 92.01%, respectively, when the biochar dosage was 4 g/L, showing excellent adsorption performance.

Soil water storage and its influencing factors in Ili River Valley

YANG Li-rong, HU Gui-qing, ZHANG Wen-tai

2025, 64(8):  104-109.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.08.016

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Based on 119 soil profiles surveyed in Ili River Valley from August to September 2023, the differences of soil water storage in 0-30 cm and 0-120 cm soil layers between different soil types and different land use patterns were compared, and the main influencing factors of soil water storage in Ili River Valley were analyzed by the multiple linear regression method. The results showed that in terms of soil types, the water storage in 0-120 cm soil layer was in the order of semi-aqueous soil (323 mm) > semi-eluviated soil (213 mm) > calcareous soil (193 mm) > alpine soil (161 mm) > arid soil (108 mm); in terms of of land use types, the water storage in 0-120 cm soil layer was in the order of cultivated land (266 mm) > forest land (199 mm) > garden land (184 mm) > grassland (153 mm). The average water storage of 0-120 cm soil layer in Ili River Valley was about 201 mm, that was 9.56 × 10⁹ m³. Soil bulk density, rainfall, evapotranspiration, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and elevation all had significant effects on soil water storage. Sand content and dryness had effects on soil water storage in 0-30 cm. The slope and profile curvature significantly affected the soil water storage of 0-120 cm.

Evaluation of land ecosystem service value in Xianning City and the impact of land use change on it

SHI Zhan-wen, JIAO Yu-fan, JIN Shao-jia

2025, 64(8):  110-116.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.08.017

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Taking Xianning City of Hubei Province as the research object, using the modified equivalent factor method, combined with remote sensing images and statistical yearbook data, the change of land ecosystem service value from 2000 to 2020 was evaluated, and the impact of land use change on ecosystem service value was analyzed, to provide a basis for land use planning and ecological protection. The results showed that the ecosystem service value in Xianning City continued to grow, with the value of regulating service being the highest, followed by that of supporting service. The ecosystem service value of forest land contributed the most to the total value, accounting for more than 70%, and its ecosystem service value increased from 220.05 billion yuan in 2000 to 295.76 billion yuan in 2020, with an increase of 34.41%. During this period, the land use changes were complex,the area of forest land, water area and grassland had changed, and the expansion of construction land and the increase of unused land needed to be paid attention to. The results of sensitivity analysis showed that the reliability of the ecosystem service value measurement results was high.

Optimizing the spatial distribution of county-level towns and villages for public service equalization: Taking Changyuan City as an example

LUO Xiao-hu, CHANG Xian-wei, TANG Wei-feng, ZHANG Shao-kai

2025, 64(8):  117-123.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.08.018

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Taking Changyuan City as the research object, the accessibility and equalization level of rural public service facilities were measured by using methods such as the two-step mobile search method, multi-criteria decision-making method, Lorenz curve, and Gini coefficient, combined with GIS spatial analysis technology. The results showed that the accessibility of public service facilities in Changyuan City presented a distribution pattern with stronger accessibility in the west and weaker in the east, and the equalization degree was low. It was significantly affected by geographical, economic, transportation and other factors, especially in the Yellow River beach area in the east. Based on this, strategies for optimizing the spatial layout of villages and towns were proposed, including optimizing the facility layout, improving traffic conditions, increasing investment in weak areas, and guiding population agglomeration.

Plant Protection

Scanning electron microscopy of antennal sensilla of ten species of ants

YOU Shi-jia, ZHANG Xin-min

2025, 64(8):  124-130.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.08.019

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10 ant species were selected as research subjects, including Odontomachus monticola Emery, Ectomomyrmex javanus Mayr, Dorylus orientalis Westwood, Aphaenogaster schurri Forel, Tetramorium bicarinatum (Nylander), Myrmica margaritae Emery, Technomyrmex antennus Zhou, Chronoxenus dalyi (Forel), Formica lemani Bondroit, and Camponotus pseudolendus Wu et Wang. The antennae of the ants were dried through gradient dehydration, and the sensilla distributed on the scape, pedicel, and flagellum of the antennae were observed, photographed, and identified using a scanning electron microscope. The differences in antennal sensilla among subfamilies and genera were analyzed. The results showed that there were mainly seven types of sensilla on the antennae: Sensilla trichoid (St), sensilla coeloconica (Sco), sensilla chaetica (Sc), sensilla basiconica (Sb), sensilla furcatea (Sf), sensilla squamiformia (Ss), and sensilla gemmiformium (Sg). Among them, sensilla trichoid was the main type on ant antennae, with a wide distribution, large quantity, and three subtypes. There were certain differences in the types and numbers of antennal sensilla among different taxonomic ranks, which could serve as effective characteristics for ant classification.​

Optimization of fermentation medium and conditions of Streptomyces sp. JAJA01 and its inhibition on Meloidogyne incognita

ZHANG Fan, FAN Lin-juan, WU Cai-yun, YUAN Meng-yu, YAO Jian, LIU Zi-rong, YAO Ying-juan, XU Xue-liang

2025, 64(8):  131-139.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.08.020

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To further enhance the inhibitory effect of Streptomyces europaeiscabiei strain JXJA01 on second-instar larvae of Meloidogyne incognita (southern root-knot nematode), the corrected mortality rate of the strain against second-instar larvae of Meloidogyne incognita was used as the screening index. The optimal fermentation medium was first screened through single-factor experiments, and on this basis, response surface analysis was conducted to optimize and obtain the best fermentation medium formula and optimal fermentation conditions. The results showed that the optimal fermentation medium for this strain was fermentation medium D. Further optimization experiments on fermentation conditions revealed that when the fermentation medium contained 8.57 g/L soluble starch, 2.31 g/L urea, 0.34 g/L ammonium sulfate, 0.40 g/L calcium carbonate, and 0.40 g/L sodium chloride, with a fermentation temperature of 28 ℃, an inoculum size of 6%, an initial pH of 7.6, and a fermentation time of 5 days, the corrected mortality rate of the strain’s fermentation broth against second-instar larvae of Meloidogyne incognita reached 96.78% ± 1.89%, which was 22.73 percentage points higher than that before optimization.​

Medicinal Plant

Analysis of the metabolome of Nepeta cataria L. fermented with two types of Cordycipitaceae strains

XU Yu-sheng, ZHANG Chun-hua, LI Zhen-yu, PENG Chun-ying, SHAN Zhi-guo

2025, 64(8):  140-146.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.08.021

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In order to investigate the effects of Cordycipitaceae 40 and 44 fermentation on the metabolic products of Nepeta cataria, the experiment was divided into three groups(JK group, J40 group, and J44 group), and the metabolites of Nepeta cataria and the main metabolic pathways before and after fermentation were analyzed using metabolomics methods. The results indicated that, compared to the JK group, the upregulation of substances such as phenolic acids, amino acids and their derivatives, and flavonoids were more pronounced after fermentation with Cordycipitaceae strains 40 and 44 in Nepeta cataria. The cluster heatmap revealed that the J40 group had 265 upregulated differential variables, with amino acids and their derivatives accounting for the largest proportion (24.15%); there were 388 downregulated differential variables, with phenolic acids constituting the majority (21.39%). In group J44, 178 differential variables were upregulated, with phenolic acids accounting for the highest proportion (16.85%); 258 differential variables were downregulated, with phenolic acids also accounting for the highest proportion (23.64%). Among these, the product with the most significant metabolic difference was baicalin.

Comparison of the effects of fertilizer and Polygonum cuspidatum residue on the growth and development of 27-month-old Polygonum cuspidatum

ZHANG Ze-zhi, SHANG Fang, LIU Shu, FENG Hai-dong

2025, 64(8):  147-151.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.08.022

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In 2022, using Polygonum cuspidatum residue and chemical fertilizer potassium sulfate as base fertilizers respectively, after 27 months of field cultivation, the above-ground agronomic traits, single leaf surface area, stomatal number, medicinal component content of the root system, and soil water-soluble aggregates of Polygonum cuspidatum were determined. The fresh and dry weights of the above-ground parts were measured, and the proportion of each part was calculated to analyze the effects of chemical fertilizer potassium sulfate or Polygonum cuspidatum residue on Polygonum cuspidatum cultivation. The results showed that compared with the no-fertilization treatment(CK + seed stems), both chemical fertilizer potassium sulfate and Polygonum cuspidatum residue significantly promoted the dry weight of above-ground stems and leaves, plant height, stem diameter, number of main stem nodes, number of leaves, and total branches of Polygonum cuspidatum. Additionally, Polygonum cuspidatum residue also significantly promoted the above-ground fresh weight, single leaf surface area, and single leaf stomatal number of Polygonum cuspidatum, while chemical fertilizer potassium sulfate only significantly promoted the fresh weight of leaves and branches of Polygonum cuspidatum. In addition, the content of polydatin in the root system of 27-month-old Polygonum cuspidatum met the pharmacopoeial standards, but the contents of emodin and resveratrol did not meet the relevant standards. There was no significant difference in soil water-soluble aggregates in the root system of 27-month-old Polygonum cuspidatum, and only the 2~4 mm aggregate content in rhizosphere soil and MWD (mean weight diameter) of Polygonum cuspidatum seedlings cultivated under the condition of Polygonum cuspidatum residue were larger. Polygonum cuspidatum residue could be used as base fertilizer for returning to the field, and its effect was better than that of chemical fertilizer potassium sulfate.

Biological characteristics and whole genome sequencing analysis of Naematelia aurantialba T-1

TIAN Shuang, BI Yu, GUO Yan, WU Hao-qiong, YE Yang, LIU Jia-ning, ZHU Jia-nan

2025, 64(8):  152-159.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.08.023

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The spores of Naematelia aurantialba T-1 were used as the experimental material. The biological characteristics of Naematelia aurantialba were studied, and its whole genome was sequenced and analyzed. The results indicated that the optimal carbon source for T-1 was sucrose, the optimal nitrogen source was peptone, the optimal inorganic salt was potassium chloride, the most suitable pH was 7, and the optimal inoculation amount was 10⁸ cells/mL. The sequencing quality of the genomic bases was between 35 and 40, which was relatively good. The AT and GC base contents were relatively uniform, and the sequencing results were normal. Through K-mer frequency analysis, the size of the T-1 genome was determined to be 26 612 159 bp. After the sequencing data were assembled, it was shown that the N50 value was relatively high, and the GC content was 56.45%. The display of the genome using Circos software indicated that the full-length of the T-1 genome was 18 180 385 base pairs, with a GC content of 56.46%. The genome was divided into 10 contigs. The phylogenetic tree showed that T-1 was most closely clustered with Naematelia aurantialba strains. The GO function classification was annotated into three major categories, among which the genes involved in biological processes were the most. After comparison with the KEGG database, a total of 4 096 genes were annotated into five major metabolic pathways, among which the genes involved in metabolic pathways were the most.

Grade classification and water - boiled processing technology of fresh Gastrodia elata in Qinba Mountains

HE Ya-hui, ZHANG Ze-zhi, JIA Li-gui, ZHOU Ming, GUO Yuan-ping, ZHAO Xiao-wu, ZHU Ming-wu, FENG Hai-dong

2025, 64(8):  160-164.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.08.024

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In response to the problems that fresh Gastrodia elata had a short storage time and limited fresh consumption, which affected the development of the Gastrodia elata industry, relevant research was conducted. Fresh Gastrodia elata was classified and sold according to origin, and the water - boiling method for origin grading processing was adopted; dried Gastrodia elata products were classified and sold. The results showed that fresh Gastrodia elata could be divided into four categories, which needed to be cleaned before water boiling, and could be boiled in two levels and dried in four grades; the market price of dried Gastrodia elata in April 2025 was 130-170 yuan/kg. After a single Gastrodia elata was made into dried products, it could be divided into five categories, and flaky dried products could be divided into three grades. The water - boiling method was simple and easy to operate, and it was suitable for consumer groups such as fresh consumption and medicinal use. It was necessary to strengthen the promotion and application.

Evaluation of natural regeneration in the Pinus henryi plantation and its influencing factors

ZHOU Cheng, CAI Jing-yong, CHEN Gong-ping, WANG Shou-fu

2025, 64(8):  165-171.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.08.025

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The natural regeneration of Pinus henryi plantations in Bashan Forest Farm and the influencing factors were analyzed, to provide a theoretical basis for promoting natural regeneration through management practices. Based on survey data, the quality of natural regeneration seedlings at different height levels (<30 cm, 30 cm ≤ H < 50 cm, ≥50 cm) was assessed using the adjusted Class I seedling density, and a comprehensive evaluation system was developed to explore influencing factors of natural regeneration. The results showed that the sum of the importance values of dominant regeneration species exceeded 60% in all plots, with Prunus dielsiana dominating most of them. Obvious differences in seedling quality were observed across various plots based on adjusted I-level density. Regeneration density, seedling height, and the proportion of large seedlings had a significant impact on regeneration success. The highest comprehensive evaluation coefficients were observed in plots 3 and 2, while the lowest were in plots 5 and 6. Correlation analysis indicated that the regeneration index was positively correlated with diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height, and negatively correlated with stand density. Stepwise regression analysis further indicated that DBH and stand openness facilitated natural regeneration, while high stand density suppressed it. Natural regeneration of pioneer broadleaf species such as Prunus dielsiana contributed to the diversity and stability of the Pinus henryi-broadleaf mixed forest. The comprehensive index evaluation proved applicable to assessing natural regeneration success. DBH, stand density, and openness index were identified as the dominant factors affecting natural regeneration. Appropriate regulation of stand structure could effectively enhance the natural regeneration of P. henryi plantations.

Horticulture & Local Products

Analysis on biological characteristics and internal components of tea flowers of Camellia sinensis ‘ShanCha 1’

CHANG Na, FAN Lu, CHENG Xu-xu, WU Chong, YUAN Yue, YIN Xu-chao, LI Dong-hua, QI Yu-gang, WANG Li-yuan, ZHANG Li-jun, JI Chang-zhong

2025, 64(8):  172-177.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.08.026

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To clarify the biological characteristics and internal components of the different stage of Camellia sinensis ‘ShanCha 1’, the tea flowers of Camellia sinensis ‘Longjing 43’ (control group) and Camellia sinensis ‘ShanCha 1’ were used as raw materials to determine and analyze the differences in the content of components in tea flowers at different flowering stages by observing the biological characteristics and a one-hundred flowers weight of tea flowers at full-bloom stage. The crown diameter of Camellia sinensis ‘ShanCha 1’ tea flowers was 2.2-3.5 cm, and the weight of 100 flowers was less than that of Longjing 43 in the flower bud, the white bud and the full blooming stage. With the increase of the opening degree of tea flowers, the content of water extract and soluble sugar showed an increasing trend, the content of tea polyphenols and caffeine showed a decreasing trend, the content of free amino acids showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing, and the content of total flavonoids showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. The water extract of Camellia sinensis ‘ShanCha 1’ was 53.63%-68.77%, tea polyphenols were 9.26%-13.79%, free amino acid was 1.67%-2.10%, caffeine was 0.43%-0.83%, soluble sugar was 11.96%-31.28%, and the total amount of flavonoids was 27.65-38.45 mg/g. Camellia sinensis ‘ShanCha 1’ was a tea flower variety with small and medium flowers and more stamens. The content of tea polyphenols was significantly higher than that of Longjing 43 at different flowering stages, and soluble sugar, caffeine, free amino acids and total flavonoids were lower than those of Longjing 43.

Animal Science

Analysis of HMW-GS composition of two Aegilops diploid species based on relative mobility

ZHANG Hai-hui, ZHANG Yan-ru, SONG Lin-xuan, HAO Zhi-hua, ZHANG Yi-lin, WEI Sa, HU Xi-gui

2025, 64(8):  178-182.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.08.027

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Aegilops is considered as an important gene source for improving modern common wheat, which has many excellent genes or traits. In order to understand the genetic diversity of high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) in Ae. diploid species, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was used to analyze HMW-GS in 40 Ae. accession (Ae. comosa and Ae. markgrafii). The results showed the total of 17 relative mobilities were identified among the 40 accessions, of which five relative mobilities (0.82~0.98) were lower than that of Chinese Spring 1Dx2 (1.00), and one relative mobility (1.49) was higher than that of Chinese Spring 1Dy12 (1.40). Analysis of genetic similarity coefficients (GS) among the accessions revealed a range of 0.00~1.00, with an average value of 0.23. And, it was found that the average GS (0.58) of Ae. markgrafii accessions was significantly higher than that of Ae. comosa accessions(0.31). The clustering results showed that 40 Ae. accessions were divided into two groups at the GS 0.10, of which 19 Ae. comosa accessions were clustered in Group1. And, the Group2 including 21 Ae. accessions could be further divided into two sub-groups, which indicated that Ae. accessions clustering together had the same species.

Research progress on Vibrio bacteriophage endolysin and depolymerase

HAN Wen-xin, YANG Rui-bing, SUN Xiao-wen, WANG Li-li, LI Xiao-yu, CONG Cong

2025, 64(8):  183-188.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.08.028

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The use of antibiotics is primary method of combating bacterial pathogens, which has led to issues such as antibiotic residues, environmental pollution, and the increase in multidrug-resistant bacteria, thereby escalating the difficulty in infection control. As natural predators of bacteria, bacteriophages offered a promising alternative with substantial potential. Bacteriophage endolysin was a cell wall peptidoglycan hydrolase or transglycosidase, and depolymerases degraded extracellular matrix polysaccharides, which exhibited high efficacy and specificity in lysing bacterial cells. This review summarized recent advances in endolysin and depolymerase from Vibrio bacteriophages and their applications in pathogen control. The aim was to provide insights and references for researchers developing novel, eco-friendly antibacterial agents.

Storage & Processing

Bacillus velezensis fermentation of low-grade tobacco leaf extract to prepare tobacco spices

SUN Li-li, LIANG Yong-wei, ZONG Dong-yue, QU Li-li, XU Zhi-qiang, XU Chun-ping

2025, 64(8):  189-196.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.08.029

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In order to improve the availability of low-grade tobacco leaves and prepare tobacco flavors, low-grade tobacco leaves were used as raw materials, and the aroma-producing microorganism Bacillus velezensis CF-14 was used as the fermentation strain to apply to the tobacco extract. The fermentation conditions of the extract were optimized by a single factor experiment, and the volatile components of the extract before and after fermentation were analyzed by GC-MS. The tobacco extract under the optimal fermentation conditions was used for cigarette smoking evaluation. The results showed that: ①The preferred medium was 1% soluble starch, 1% yeast powder and 1% potassium chloride. The fermentation conditions of seed liquid were as follows: inoculation amount 1%, initial pH 6.00, liquid filling volume of 60 mL, temperature of 28 ℃. The fermentation conditions of the extract were as follows: fermentation time 24 h, inoculation amount 1%, fermentation temperature 32 ℃. ②The results of the electronic nose showed that the response value of the fermented extract on each sensor was higher than that of the unfermented extract, and the alcohols and ketones increased significantly.③The results of GC-MS showed that two significantly different clusters were formed before and after fermentation. There were 48 and 61 volatile components in the tobacco extract before and after fermentation, and the total volatile components were 386.69 and 498.39 μg/g, respectively. The contents of ketones and alcohols in the extract after fermentation were significantly higher than those before fermentation, and the contents of phenols, acids and aldehydes increased. ④After the extract under the optimal fermentation conditions was applied to cigarettes, the aroma quality of cigarettes was improved, the amount of aroma increased, the miscellaneous gases and irritation were reduced, the harmony was better, the sweetness was increased, and the smoking quality of cigarettes was better.

Preparation of traditional Chinese medicine-chitosan seed coating agent substrate by blending-crosslinking method and evaluation of its biological properties

SUN Yun-di, XIAO Yi-ling, HUANG De-zhi

2025, 64(8):  197-204.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.08.030

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Active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine with antibacterial and growth-promoting effects were compounded with chitosan, supplemented with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and glycerol as functional additives, and a high-performance biomass seed coating agent composite substrate system was successfully constructed using the blending-crosslinking technique.Comprehensive analysis based on four indicators, namely water solubility, water absorption rate, tensile strength, and water permeability rate, indicated that the ZG4J4 sample exhibited the best overall performance; the composition of the ZG4J4 sample was traditional Chinese medicine-chitosan, glycerol, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) at a volume ratio of 25∶2∶100. The ZG4J4 sample possessed characteristics such as stable structure, good water solubility, and strong thermal stability. The seed germination rate, germination potential, and germination index of the ZG4J4 coating group were 95%, 90%, and 15.726, respectively, all higher than those of the tebuconazole coating group and the uncoated control group; this demonstrated that the ZG4J4 sample significantly promoted seed germination and was an excellent substrate material for corn seed coating agent.

Red cabbage anthocyanins-based intelligent label for monitoring freshness of pork

REN Jia-yu, MA Xuan-ying, ZHAO Liang-yu, JIANG Hao

2025, 64(8):  205-211.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.08.031

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Anthocyanin intelligent labels were prepared using anthocyanins extracted from red cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata rubra) as raw material to explore their effectiveness in monitoring the freshness of pork. Two storage conditions, room temperature (25~30 ℃) and refrigeration (4 ℃), were established; the correlation between the color change of the anthocyanin intelligent label and the freshness of pork was systematically investigated by measuring freshness indicators of pork such as total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) content, pH, total viable count (TVC), combined with sensory evaluation and color difference analysis. The results showed that with the extension of storage time, both TVB-N content and TVC in pork showed an upward trend. The accumulation of TVB-N and the growth and metabolism of microorganisms led to changes in the pH of the pork storage environment. Color difference analysis indicated that the color difference had a high goodness of fit with TVB-N content (R² > 0.900 00). The red cabbage anthocyanin intelligent label could effectively monitor changes in the freshness of pork under different storage temperature conditions.

Synergistic enhancement effect of the tea saponin and surfactant compound system

PAN Feng-ran, HUANG Qing-qing, CHEN Chao-heng, YANG Tian-yun, HUANG Wei-wen, TAN Qiang

2025, 64(8):  212-218.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.08.032

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Tea saponin was compounded with alpha-olefin sulfonates (AOS), soybean lecithin (SL), and Gemini ester quaternary ammonium salt (GQAS) in different ratios respectively. Measurements were taken for the tea saponin solution, tea saponin/AOS solution, tea saponin/SL solution, and tea saponin/GQAS solution on indicators including surface tension, foam height, detergency, emulsification time, and wetting time. The results showed that the optimal compounding mass ratios of tea saponin to AOS, SL, and GQAS were 7.6∶1.0, 1.4∶1.0, and 1.6∶1.0, respectively. When tea saponin was compounded with AOS, the initial foam height increased to 219.67 mm, and the foam height at 5 min was 195.00 mm, both being higher than those of the single tea saponin system.Strong interactions existed between tea saponin and GQAS, demonstrating a significant synergistic enhancement effect. This allowed micelle formation at lower concentrations and effectively reduced the surface tension, thereby significantly enhancing the surface activity of the compound system. When tea saponin was compounded with GQAS, the detergency was 47.64%, representing a 49.29% improvement compared to the single tea saponin system. The emulsification time was 107.04 min, a 255% increase compared to the single tea saponin system. The wetting time was 0.42 min, indicating an 84.64% improvement in wetting performance compared to the single tea saponin system. The tea saponin/GQAS solution exhibited excellent performance in micelle formation, detergency, emulsification time, and wetting performance, demonstrating significant synergistic enhancement effects.

Biological Engineering

Metabolomics analysis of the effects of the rhizobial regulator nolR on root metabolism in soybean

BI Yu, ZHU Jia-nan, ZHEN Tao, TIAN Shuang, WU Hao-qiong, YU De-shui, GAO Dong-yuan

2025, 64(8):  219-225.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.08.033

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Metabolomics technology was employed to analyze differences in root metabolites of soybean[Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivar Heike 60 after inoculation with Sinorhizobium fredii HH103(hereinafter referred to as rhizobium HH103) and its mutant HH103ΔnolR. The results showed that a total of 9 907 differential metabolites were identified between samples from the rhizobium HH103 treatment and the mutant HH103ΔnolR treatment, among which the content of 4 202 metabolites was upregulated and that of 5 705 metabolites was downregulated. Lipids and lipid-like molecules, as well as phenylpropanoids and polyketides, accounted for a relatively high proportion among the differential metabolites. Malvin exhibited the largest increase in differential metabolite content after inoculation with the rhizobium, while Physalin_F showed the largest decrease. The differential metabolites were significantly enriched in pathways such as galactose metabolism, lysine biosynthesis, porphyrin metabolism, isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis, and propanoate metabolism. Among the differential metabolites, the content differences in flavonoid compounds were relatively significant, and the deletion of the nolR gene promoted the metabolism of flavonoid compounds in soybean.

Identification and expression analysis of members in the EIL gene family of wild barley

HU Hui, MEN Rui-long, ZHAO Ming-zhuo, SUN Ming-ruo, XU Jun-ying, LIU Hai-yang, YANG Long-wei, TIAN Yu, YU Wei-pu, QIU Xian-jin

2025, 64(8):  226-229.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.08.034

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Members of the EIL gene family in wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum) were identified based on whole-genome analysis technology; the composition and distribution characteristics of cis-acting elements in their promoter regions were analyzed; and their expression patterns under stress conditions were investigated to mine potential stress-resistant regulatory genes. The results showed that the EIL gene family in wild barley contained seven members, namely HvEIL1, HvEIL2, HvEIL3, HvEIL4, HvEIL5, HvEIL6, and HvEIL7. The seven members had an average protein length of 489 aa, a mean molecular weight of 53 790.52 u, isoelectric points ranging from 4.89 to 6.27, and instability indices between 42.66 and 60.39; all were hydrophilic proteins and localized in the nucleus. Cis-acting elements in the promoter regions of members in the EIL gene family of wild barley totaled 14 types, mainly including light-responsive elements, plant hormone-responsive elements, and stress-responsive elements. In transcriptome data analysis of wild barley, gene expression levels varied under different treatments. HvEIL2, HvEIL3, and HvEIL7 showed no significant differences in expression levels under control treatment, drought stress treatment, or rehydration treatment after drought, indicating that these genes might not participate in drought stress response. The suppression of HvEIL4 expression was associated with enhanced drought resistance, suggesting that it might play a negative regulatory role in barley drought tolerance.

Economy & Managemen

Research on the service effectiveness of selenium-themed conferences and the path for high-quality development of the selenium-rich industry driven by new-quality productive forces

LIU Xiao-dong, NONG Meng-ling, LI Jia-zhan, WEI Hai-rong, XING-Ying, PAN Li-ping, LIU Yong-xian

2025, 64(8):  230-236.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.08.035

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Based on a comparative analysis of the new trends and service effectiveness observed at three major conferences—the First National Science and Technology Annual Conference on Selenium-Rich Industries, the 7th Enriched Selenium Agricultural Development Conference and the 2024 Enriched Selenium Agricultural Products Expo, and the Ninth World Selenium Capital (Enshi) Selenium Product Expo and Trade Fair—five key challenges in leveraging new-quality productive forces to drive high-quality development of the selenium-rich industry were examined in this study: insufficient policy support, shortage of technical talent, absence of quality monitoring standards, lack of distinctive regional characteristics, and lagging industrial synergy. To address these issues, five practical pathways were proposed: Strengthening policy support to guide steady industrial development; building a highland for scientific and technological talent to promote the upgrading of the selenium-rich industry; improving quality standards to consolidate the foundation of the selenium-rich industry; integrating regional culture to create distinctive branded industries; coordinating resources across primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors to enhance synergistic development efficiency.

Coupling characteristics and regional differences of the digital economy and new-quality productivity in rural China

XU Si-yi, PENG Jia-yi, XIA Xin-yi, ZHOU Li

2025, 64(8):  237-243.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.08.036

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Taking the panel data of 31 provinces in mainland China from 2012 to 2022 as an example, a related model was used to analyze the development level of rural digital economy and new quality productivity and its regional differences in China. The results showed that the development level of rural digital economy and new quality productivity in each province had been improved to varying degrees from 2012 to 2022, but the rural digital economy being weak and the new quality productivity being weak, and the rural digital economy being strong and the new quality productivity being strong were the main distribution types; during the period of 2012-2022, the overall coupling and coordination degree of rural digital economy and new quality productivity in China’s provinces presented a more obvious gradient distribution characteristic, and the coupling and coordination level changed from mainly imbalance to mainly coordination; the gap of coupling and coordination degree of rural digital economy and new quality productivity in the four regions (east, central, west, and northeast) of China was relatively obvious, so it was necessary to strengthen the construction of digital infrastructure and talent incubation, promote the synergistic development of digital industry, and make up for the shortcomings of rural digital economy.

Characterization of spatio-temporal coupling of agricultural economic resilience and food security and its influencing factors in the Yellow River Basin

SUO Rui-xia, CAO Yan-yan

2025, 64(8):  244-256.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.08.037

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Based on the panel data of nine provinces and autonomous regions in the Yellow River Basin from 2010 to 2022, the development levels of two systems, namely agricultural economic resilience and food security, were measured using the entropy-weight TOPSIS method. Subsequently, the coupling coordination relationship between the two systems and its spatial differentiation characteristics were analyzed by means of a coupling coordination model and a relative development degree model. Finally, the influencing factors of the coupling coordination relationship between the two systems were explored using a geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) model. The results showed that the agricultural economic resilience level in the Yellow River Basin had exhibited a fluctuating upward trend overall. The agricultural economic resilience level in the lower reaches regions was significantly higher than that in the upper and middle reaches regions. Shandong and Henan demonstrated relatively high levels of agricultural economic resilience. The food security level in the Yellow River Basin had shown minor fluctuations, with an upward trend emerging after 2019. The upper reaches regions had generally maintained relatively high food security levels, with Qinghai consistently ranking among the top. The coupling coordination level between agricultural economic resilience and food security in the Yellow River Basin had displayed a two-phase trend of first fluctuating decline and then fluctuating rise. The coupling coordination grade was predominantly at a barely coordinated level, indicating substantial room for improvement. Significant disparities in coupling coordination degrees were observed among different provinces and regions. The western provinces and regions in the Yellow River Basin were classified as Type Ⅳ, the low-grinding agricultural-economic-resilience-lagging type; the northern provinces and regions were basically classified as Type Ⅴ, the high-grinding synchronous-development type; and the southern provinces and regions were classified as Type Ⅵ, the low-grinding food-security-lagging type. A negative impact on the coupling coordination degree was exerted by the level of scientific and technological inputs and the crop cultivation structure. A positive impact on the coupling coordination degree was exerted by the regional economic level and land quality. The degree of influence had significant spatial variability.