关键词: 小麦(Triticum aestivum L.), 氮, 产量, 氮肥利用率, 养分吸收, 湖北省

Abstract: 32 field experiments were conducted in wheat areas in the hills of central Hubei and highland of north Hubei(CNH) and Jianghan plain(JP) from 2015 to 2018. Three treatments were set, namely CK(no fertilization), N₀PK(no nitrogen application) and NPK(combined application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium). The grain yield, stem and leaf biomass of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) were measured at the maturity stage, and the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in each part were analyzed. The results were indicated that application of N fertilizer increased wheat yield significantly, the average grain yield increment resulting from N application was 1 838 kg/hm², and increase rate was 58.2%. N contribution rate to wheat was 36.8%. The effect of yield increasing by N application in CNH was more significant than that in JP. Compared to N₀PK treatment, N, P₂O₅ and K₂O uptakes of NPK treatment at harvest were increased by 72.97%, 56.19% and 83.13%. N recovery efficiencyof wheat in Hubei province was 34.0%, and agronomic N use efficiency, N physiological efficiency of wheat in Hubei province were 10.2 kg/kg and 33.0 kg/kg, respectively. N use efficiencies of wheat in CNH were higher than that in JP. Nutrient absorptions per 100 kg grain in Hubei province averaged 2.87 kg N, 1.02 kg P₂O₅ and 2.51 kg K₂O, respectively. The combination of N with P and K fertilizers could increase the shoot biomass and nutrient uptake significantly, the grain yield of wheat in different region of Hubei province also improved simultaneously. At the same level of wheat yield, N and P₂O₅ absorptions were high in JP, and K₂O was high in CNH.

Key words: wheat(Triticum aestivum L.), nitrogen, yield, nitrogen use efficiency, nutrition uptake, Hubei province