基于GIS的三峡库区土壤养分元素地球化学特征与影响因素研究

doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.12.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 选择位于三峡库区的岳溪镇为研究对象,采集表层土壤样品639件,分析了土壤中养分元素（N、P、K）含量及土壤pH,划分其地球化学等级,基于地统计方法,分析土壤养分元素含量和pH的空间分布特征及影响因素。研究区土壤K含量相对丰富,而N和P含量相对较低,土壤以酸性为主,酸性和强酸性土壤的比例分别为25.2%和46.3%。土壤N含量与海拔高度相关,低海拔区的反硝化作用会导致土壤N流失。盐基离子会从高海拔区向低海拔区迁移,导致高海拔区土壤以酸性为主且K₂O含量较低,此外,高海拔区N的硝化作用也会导致土壤酸化。土壤P受人为因素的影响明显,耕地土壤P含量明显高于其他用地类型。建议在酸性、强酸性土壤分布区适量增加有机肥和钾肥的施用量,减少氮肥施用,利用人为手段调节土壤pH,减少种植茶树、豆科作物,改善土壤酸化问题,而在中性及碱性土壤分布区,可适量增加有机肥的施用量,改善土壤肥力。

关键词: 三峡库区, 土壤, 养分元素, 地球化学特征, 影响因素, 农艺建议

Abstract: In order to find out the spatial distribution characteristics of soil nutrient elements and provide suggestions for agricultural planting and fertilization methods, Yuexi town in the Three Gorges Reservoir area was selected as the research object, 639 surface soil samples were collected and analyzed in the soil. The content of nutrient elements （N, P, K） and soil pH were divided into geochemical grades. Based on geostatistical methods, the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of soil nutrient element content and pH were analyzed. The soil K content in the study area was relatively rich, while the N and P content was relatively low, the soil was mainly acidic, and the proportions of acidic and strongly acidic soils were 25.2% and 46.3%, respectively. Soil N content was related to altitude, and denitrification at low altitudes would cause soil N loss. Salt-based ions would migrate from high-altitude areas to low-altitude areas, resulting in high-altitude soils with mainly acidity and low K₂O content. In addition, the nitrification of N in high-altitude areas would also cause soil acidification. Soil P was obviously affected by human factors, and the content of P in cultivated land was significantly higher than other land types. It was recommended to increase the amount of organic fertilizer and potassium fertilizer in the distribution area of acidic and strongly acidic soil, reduce the application of nitrogen fertilizer, use artificial means to adjust the pH of the soil, reduce the cultivation of tea trees and legumes, improve soil acidification, and neutral and alkaline. The soil distribution area could increase the application amount of organic fertilizer in an appropriate amount and improve the soil fertility.

Key words: Three Gorges Reservoir area, soil, nutrient elements, geochemical characteristics, influencing factors, agronomic suggestions

中图分类号:

S159

邓海, 王锐, 宁墨奂, 罗宇洁, 董金秀. 基于GIS的三峡库区土壤养分元素地球化学特征与影响因素研究[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2021, 60(12): 49-54.

DENG Hai, WANG Rui, NING Mo-huan, LUO Yu-jie, DONG Jin-xiu. GIS-based study on geochemical characteristics and influencing factors of soil nutrient elements in the Three Gorges Reservoir area[J]. HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2021, 60(12): 49-54.

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