河蟹放养密度对低洼盐碱地水稻生长及土壤的影响

doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.03.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探明河蟹放养密度对宁夏低洼盐碱地土壤及水稻（Oryza sativa L.）生长的影响,以不放河蟹为对照,设置低密度（300 kg/hm²）、中密度（450 kg/hm²）和高密度（600 kg/hm²）河蟹处理,在水稻的分蘖期、抽穗期及乳熟期测定水稻及根系土壤相关指标,探讨低洼盐碱地不同河蟹密度下水稻的生长状况。结果表明,低密度放养河蟹可以促进水稻株高和分蘖数的增加;抽穗期至乳熟期中密度放养河蟹处理土壤pH降幅为4.09%,与低密度、高密度放养河蟹处理间均呈显著差异（P<0.05）,且相比于对照,能极显著降低土壤电导率（P<0.01）;高密度放养河蟹处理的水稻产量分别比低密度、中密度放养河蟹处理增加14.60%、5.69%,且水稻穗实粒数最多,与低密度、中密度放养河蟹处理间呈显著差异（P<0.05）;水稻产量、穗实粒数与根系活跃占总吸收百分比分别呈极显著和显著正相关,土壤pH与土壤铵态氮、速效钾以及有效磷含量呈显著或极显著负相关（P<0.05或P<0.01）。研究表明,中密度放养河蟹可以降低土壤pH,高密度放养河蟹能提高水稻根系活跃占总吸收百分比和穗实粒数,促进产量的提高。

关键词: 稻渔共作, 低洼盐碱地, 河蟹放养密度, 水稻（Oryza sativa L.）, 土壤

Abstract: To investigate the effects of river crab stocking density on soil and rice （Oryza sativa L.） growth in low-lying saline soil in Ningxia, the experiment was conducted with no crab stocking as the control, and low density (300 kg/hm²), medium density (450 kg/hm²) and high density (600 kg/hm²) crab treatments were set up to measure the relevant indexes of rice and rhizosphere soil at the tillering, spiking and milky maturity stages of the rice, so as to explore the growth status of rice under different crab stocking density in low-lying saline-alkaline land. The results showed that the low-density crabs stocking treatment could promote the increase of rice plant height and tiller number. From spiking to milky maturity stages of the rice, the medium-density crabs stocking treatment could reduce soil pH by 4.09%, which was significantly different from that of the low-density and high-density crabs stocking treatments (P<0.05), and it could reduce soil conductivity very significantly compared with that of the control group (P<0.01). The rice yield under the high density crabs stocking treatment increased by 14.60% and 5.69% compared with that under the low and medium density crabs stocking treatments, respectively, and the number of filled grains per panicle under this treatment was the highest, which was significantly different from that under the low and medium-density crabs stocking treatments (P<0.05). The rice yield and the number of filled grains per panicle were significantly positively correlated with the percentage of root activity in total absorption, respectively, and soil pH was significantly negatively correlated with soil ammonium nitrogen, available potassium and available phosphorus content（P<0.05 or P<0.01）. The study showed that the medium-density stocking of river crabs could reduce soil pH, and the high-density stocking of river crabs could increase the percentage of root activity in total absorption and filled grains per panicle rice, and promote the increase of yield.

Key words: rice-fishing culture, low-lying saline-alkaline land, stocking density of river crab, rice（Oryza sativa L.）, soil

中图分类号:

王月, 孙怡欣, 雷璟阳, 马巧玲, 陶莹, 袁娜娜, 杨涓, 王彬, 石伟. 河蟹放养密度对低洼盐碱地水稻生长及土壤的影响[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2025, 64(3): 36-43.

WANG Yue, SUN Yi-xin, LEI Jing-yang, MA Qiao-ling, TAO Ying, YUAN Na-na, YANG Juan, WANG Bin, SHI Wei. Effects of stocking density of river crabs on rice growth and soil in low-lying saline-alkali soil[J]. HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2025, 64(3): 36-43.

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