湖北农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 64 ›› Issue (11): 182-188.doi: 10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.11.025

• 农业工程 • 上一篇    下一篇

超宽幅棉花打顶机喷杆结构优化与田间作业性能验证

张双侠1, 王佳1, 刘胜崇1, 田多林1, 刘新军1, 秦广泉2   

  1. 1.新疆农业职业技术大学农业工程学院,新疆 昌吉 831100;
    2.新疆多加西域农业科技有限公司,新疆 昌吉 831100
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-14 出版日期:2025-11-25 发布日期:2025-12-05
  • 通讯作者: 王 佳(1986-),女,重庆合川人,高级工程师,主要从事棉花、玉米等农业机械研究,(电话)18599330796(电子信箱) 26607036@qq.com。
  • 作者简介:张双侠(1967-),男,河南太康人,教授,主要从事农作物田间作业机械研究,(电话)15109949832(电子信箱)1109473583@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    新疆农机研发制造推广应用一体化试点项目(YTHSD2022-25)

Optimization of the spray boom structure and field operational performance of an ultra-wide cotton topping machine

ZHANG Shuang-xia1, WANG Jia1, LIU Sheng-chong1, TIAN Duo-lin1, LIU Xin-jun1, QIN Guang-quan2   

  1. 1. School of Agricultural Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural Vocational and Technical University, Changji 831100,Xinjiang,China;
    2. Xinjiang Duojia Western Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Changji 831100,Xinjiang,China
  • Received:2025-08-14 Published:2025-11-25 Online:2025-12-05

摘要: 通过系统分析3WPZ-500型自走式超宽幅棉花打顶机的结构特性与作业要求,基于Solidworks软件构建喷杆结构模型,结合ABAQUS有限元分析方法,对喷杆结构的力学特性进行仿真分析,并通过田间试验验证其作业性能。结果表明,超宽幅双连杆喷杆悬架设计提升了打顶机的田间作业效率与环境适应能力。机架结构有限元模型受力分析显示,应力最大值(34.2 MPa)出现在受力复杂、内力较大的第5连接板位置(Ⅲ区),该值远低于喷杆材料Q345B钢的屈服强度(345.0 MPa),表明喷杆主体结构强度满足设计要求。超宽幅棉花打顶机化控打顶效率高、成效好。经Y2处理(喷药量20 L/667 m2,风送辅助)后,棉株关键生长指标得到明显改善。株高、果枝数、倒三叶高/叶柄长等参数显示棉株长势均匀稳健,且成铃数达9.33个/株。这表明Y2处理在有效抑制营养生长的同时,更能促进棉花丰产增收。

关键词: 棉花打顶机, 超宽幅, 喷杆结构, 田间, 作业性能, 优化, 验证

Abstract: The structural characteristics and operational requirements of the 3WPZ-500 self-propelled ultra-wide cotton topping machine were systematically analyzed. A structural model of the spray boom was constructed based on Solidworks software, and the mechanical properties of the spray boom structure were simulated and analyzed using the ABAQUS finite element method. Its operational performance was verified through field tests.The results showed that the ultra-wide double-link spray boom suspension design improved the field working efficiency and environmental adaptability of the topping machine. Stress analysis of the finite element model of the frame structure revealed that the maximum stress (34.2 MPa) occurred at the fifth connecting plate (Zone III), an area with complex forces and high internal loads. This value was significantly lower than the yield strength (345.0 MPa) of the Q345B steel used for the spray boom, indicating that the main structure of the spray boom met the design strength requirements. The ultra-wide cotton topping machine demonstrated high efficiency and effectiveness in chemical topping. After the Y2 treatment (spray volume of 20 L/667 m2 with air-assisted delivery), key growth indicators of cotton plants were significantly optimized. Parameters such as plant height, number of fruit branches, and height of the top three leaves/petiole length indicated uniform and robust plant growth, with the number of bolls per plant reaching 9.33. This indicated that the Y2 treatment effectively suppressed vegetative growth while promoting high cotton yield and increased profit.

Key words: cotton topping machine, ultra-wide, spray boom structure, field, operational performance, optimization, validation

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