湖北农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 64 ›› Issue (12): 72-77.doi: 10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.12.013

• 资源·环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

菜子饼肥替代等氮化肥对烟田根际土壤肥力及烟叶产质量的影响

张海伟1, 王念磊1, 丁德盛2, 张雄峰1, 夏昊3, 李卓1, 李慧兰3, 赵尊康4   

  1. 1.江西省烟草科学研究所,南昌 330025;
    2.赣州市烟草公司瑞金分公司,江西 瑞金 342500;
    3.吉安市烟草公司峡江分公司,江西 峡江 331400;
    4.江西农业大学国土资源与环境学院/农业农村部鄱阳湖流域农业资源与生态重点实验室,南昌 330045
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-21 发布日期:2025-12-30
  • 通讯作者: 王念磊,高级农艺师,主要从事烟草栽培生理生化研究,(电子信箱)wangnianlei@139.com。
  • 作者简介:张海伟(1979-),男,河南周口人,高级农艺师,博士,主要从事烤烟栽培与营养研究,(电子信箱)haiweizhang1130@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    江西省烟草公司技术攻关项目(赣烟司〔2022〕59号202201001; 赣烟司〔2023〕45号202301001)

Effects of rapeseed cake fertilizer replacing iso-nitrogen fertilizer on rhizosphere soil fertility and yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco

ZHANG Hai-wei1, WANG Nian-lei1, DING De-sheng2, ZHANG Xiong-feng1, XIA Hao3, LI Zhuo1, LI Hui-lan3, ZHAO Zun-kang4   

  1. 1. Jiangxi Institute of Tobacco Science, Nanchang 330025, China;
    2. Ruijin Branch Company of Ganzhou Municipal Tobacco Company, Ruijin 342500, Jiangxi, China;
    3. Xiajiang Branch Company of Ji’an Municipal Tobacco Company, Xiajiang 331400, Jiangxi, China;
    4. Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Watershed Agricultural Resources and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/School of Land Resource and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
  • Received:2025-05-21 Online:2025-12-30

摘要: 为探索适宜江西省烟区的有机肥和化肥配施模式,在瑞金市和峡江县2个试验点采用随机区组设计研究菜子饼肥替代等氮化肥对烟田土壤理化性状、烟叶生长发育和产质量的影响。结果表明,菜子饼肥等比例替代15%~35%化肥氮能不同程度改善成熟期烤烟根际土壤养分和微生物环境,2个试验点土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量比单施化肥分别增加3.18%~10.79%、2.56%~23.39%、7.51%~33.86%、5.12%~25.12%,土壤细菌数量增加13.62%~46.16%、放线菌数量增加12.64%~45.30%,真菌数量减少8.73%~23.12%。与单施化肥相比,菜子饼肥等比例替代15%~25%化肥氮的烟叶产量、产值、香气物质含量和感官评吸质量均增加,但替代35%化肥氮时会降低烟叶产量。烟叶香气物质总量与土壤有机质含量、细菌和放线菌的数量及烟叶感官评吸质量呈显著正相关。因此,在江西省烟区,菜子饼肥等量替代15%~25%化肥氮有利于改善土壤肥力并提高烟叶产质量。

关键词: 烤烟, 菜子饼肥, 等氮替代, 土壤肥力, 产质量

Abstract: In order to explore the suitable application mode of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer in Jiangxi tobacco-growing area, randomized block experiment design was introduced to study the effects of rapeseed cake replacing iso-nitrogen fertilizer on soil physico-chemical properties, leaf growth, yield and quality of tobacco at two sites in Ruijin City and Xiajiang County. The results showed that the substitution of chemical fertilizer nitrogen with rapeseed cake fertilizer at proportions of 15% to 35% could improve the rhizosphere soil nutrients and microbial environment of flue-cured tobacco in different extents. The contents of soil organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium at the two test sites were 3.18%-10.79%, 2.56%-23.39%, 7.51%-33.86%, and 5.12%-25.12% higher than those of the single application of chemical fertilizer, respectively. The number of soil bacteria increased by 13.62%-46.16%, the number of actinomyces increased by 12.64%-45.30%, and the number of fungi decreased by 8.73%-23.12%. Compared with single fertilizer application, the yield, output value, aroma substance content and sensory quality of tobacco leaves increased when the equal proportion of rapeseed cake fertilizer replaced 15%-25% of chemical fertilizer nitrogen, but the yield of tobacco leaves decreased when 35% of chemical fertilizer nitrogen was replaced. The total amount of aroma substances in tobacco leaves was significantly positively correlated with soil organic matter content, the number of bacteria and actinomycetes, and the sensory quality of tobacco leaves. Therefore, the replacement of 15%-25% nitrogen fertilizer with rapeseed cake fertilizer was beneficial to improve soil fertility and tobacco yield and quality in Jiangxi Province.

Key words: flue-cured tobacco, rapeseed cake fertilizer, iso-nitrogenous replacement, soil fertility, yield and quality

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