鄂西中药材轮作和间作对土壤肥力的影响

doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2026.08.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了探究不同种植模式对鄂西中药材主产区土壤化学性质及综合肥力的影响,以湖北省恩施土家族苗族自治州中药材种植区为研究对象,以未种植中药材土壤为对照（CK）,系统比较中药材-玉米/油菜轮作（CC）和中药材间作（CR）对土壤化学计量特征及土壤肥力综合指数的影响。通过测定土壤pH、有机质及矿质养分含量等13项指标,采用主成分分析与模糊数学隶属函数法对土壤肥力进行综合评价。结果表明,与CK相比,CC和CR处理降低了土壤pH、总钾含量、碱解氮含量、交换性钙含量和交换性镁含量,同时显著增加了速效磷、总磷的含量。主成分分析表明,pH、交换性钙含量、交换性镁含量、有效锌含量、CEC、总钾含量、有机质含量和碱解氮含量等指标是影响土壤肥力的关键因子。CC处理碳氮比显著高于CK处理。与CK处理相比,CC和CR处理的碳磷比、氮磷比均显著降低,而磷钾比显著提高。各处理间碳钾比和氮钾比无显著差异。CC、CR处理土壤肥力综合指数（SFI）分别较CK降低了18.35%和20.66%,土壤肥力等级由较高等级降至中等级。与中药材间作相比,中药材-玉米/油菜轮作模式更有利于减缓土壤酸化、维持较高的土壤养分含量和肥力水平。

关键词: 中药材, 种植模式, 土壤肥力, 化学计量特征, 模糊数学评价

Abstract: To investigate the effects of different planting patterns on soil chemical properties and comprehensive fertility in the main production area of Chinese medicinal materials in western Hubei, the study was conducted in the Chinese medicinal material planting area of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hubei Province, with unplanted soil as the control (CK), and the effects of Chinese medicinal material-maize/rapeseed rotation (CC) and Chinese medicinal material intercropping (CR) on soil stoichiometric characteristics and integrated soil fertility index were systematically compared. Thirteen indicators including soil pH, organic matter and mineral nutrient contents were measured, and principal component analysis combined with fuzzy mathematics membership function method was used to comprehensively evaluate soil fertility. The results showed that compared with CK, the CC and CR treatments decreased soil pH, total potassium content, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content, exchangeable calcium content and exchangeable magnesium content, while significantly increased available phosphorus and total phosphorus contents. Principal component analysis indicated that pH, exchangeable calcium content, exchangeable magnesium content, available zinc content, CEC, total potassium content, organic matter content and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content were key factors affecting soil fertility. The carbon to nitrogen ratio of the CC treatment was significantly higher than that of the CK treatment.Compared with the CK treatment, the carbon to phosphorus ratio and nitrogen to phosphorus ratio of the CC and CR treatments were significantly decreased, while the phosphorus to potassium ratio was significantly increased. There were no significant differences in carbon to potassium ratio and nitrogen to potassium ratio among the treatments. The integrated soil fertility index (SFI) of the CC and CR treatments decreased by 18.35% and 20.66% respectively, compared with CK, and the soil fertility grade dropped from a relatively high level to a medium level. Compared with Chinese medicinal material intercropping, the Chinese medicinal material-maize/rapeseed rotation pattern was more conducive to slowing soil acidification and maintaining higher soil nutrient contents and fertility levels.

Key words: Chinese herbal medicines, planting pattern, soil fertility, stoichiometric characteristics, fuzzy mathematics evaluation

中图分类号:

S158

段丽雯, 周武先, 邓丽萍, 周剑雄, 杨秀霞, 赵书军, 徐大兵. 鄂西中药材轮作和间作对土壤肥力的影响[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2026, 65(8): 50-57.

DUAN Li-wen, ZHOU Wu-xian, DENG Li-ping, ZHOU Jian-xiong, YANG Xiu-xia, ZHAO Shu-jun, XU Da-bing. Effects of rotation and intercropping of Chinese herbal medicines on soil fertility in western Hubei[J]. HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2026, 65(8): 50-57.

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