基于空间统计方法的湖北省传统村落分布特征及驱动因素

doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.11.029

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以2012—2023年国家公布的6个批次湖北省传统村落为研究对象,综合运用最邻近指数、核密度等空间统计法,结合地理探测器的因子探测与交互作用分析,从空间格局、自然要素、经济基础、历史文化4个维度探索空间分布特征及其驱动机制。结果表明,湖北省传统村落呈现“三主一副”的空间格局,即以鄂西南恩施土家族苗族自治州、鄂东北黄冈-孝感、鄂东南黄石-咸宁为核心区,第六批次新增鄂西宜昌-襄阳为次核心区。低海拔、缓坡度和靠近河流成为影响传统村落分布的主要自然因素。超过80%的传统村落分布在高速公路20 km范围内（约30 min车程）,超过80%的传统村落分布于距离客运火车站64 km范围内（约90 min车程）,大部分传统村落位于中等人口密度分布区,其经济水平在省均线之下。传统村落分布与省级及以上非物质文化遗产数量、省级及以上非物质文化遗产代表性传承人数量分布存在错位现象,与省级及以上文物保护单位分布情况较为吻合。传统村落的分布格局是自然、社会、经济及历史文化等多方面因素共同长期作用的结果,总体来说历史文化因素和经济因素作用力更强。

关键词: 空间统计方法, 传统村落, 分布特征, 驱动因素, 湖北省

Abstract: This study investigated the traditional villages in Hubei Province from 2012 to 2023, utilizing spatial statistical methods including the nearest neighbor index and kernel density analysis, combined with factor detection and interaction analysis of a geodetector, to explore the spatial distribution characteristics and driving factors from four dimensions: spatial pattern, natural elements, economic foundation, and historical culture. The results showed that the traditional villages in Hubei Province exhibited a "three primary and one secondary" spatial pattern, with the core areas located in Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in southwestern Hubei, Huanggang-Xiaogan in northeastern Hubei, and Huangshi-Xianning in southeastern Hubei, while Yichang-Xiangyang in western Hubei was added as a sub-core area in the sixth batch. Low altitude, gentle slopes, and proximity to rivers were identified as the main natural factors influencing the distribution characteristics of traditional villages. Over 80% of the traditional villages were located within 20 km (approximately 30 minutes' drive) of expressways, and over 80% were within 64 km (approximately 90 minutes' drive) of passenger railway stations. Most traditional villages were situated in areas with medium population density and had economic levels below the provincial average. The distribution characteristics of traditional villages showed a mismatch with the distribution of provincial-level and above intangible cultural heritage items and their representative bearers, but aligned well with the distribution of provincial-level and above cultural relics protection units. The spatial distribution characteristics of traditional villages resulted from the long-term combined effects of natural, social, economic, and historical-cultural factors, with historical-cultural and economic factors generally playing stronger roles.

Key words: spatial statistical methods, traditional villages, distribution characteristics, driving factors, Hubei Province

中图分类号:

K901.8

周欣田, 刘超. 基于空间统计方法的湖北省传统村落分布特征及驱动因素[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2025, 64(11): 210-221.

ZHOU Xin-tian, LIU Chao. Spatial distribution characteristics and driving factors of traditional villages in Hubei Province based on spatial statistical methods[J]. HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2025, 64(11): 210-221.

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