关键词: 小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）, 新麦26, 扬麦15, 播种期, 收获期, 气候资源利用率, 河南省

Abstract: To determine the suitable sowing and harvesting dates for high-quality wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties in Henan Province, a stage-sowing experiment was conducted using the semi-winter wheat variety Xinmai 26 and the spring wheat variety Yangmai 15 at six agrometeorological experimental stations in Anyang, Hebi, Zhengzhou, Shangqiu, Huangfan District, and Xinyang from 2023 to 2024. Four sowing dates were set up to analyze the changes in aboveground dry matter weight before wintering, final yield at harvest, and climatic resource utilization efficiency of wheat in different regions of Henan Province under various combinations of sowing and harvesting dates. The results showed that spatially, the actual yield and climatic resource utilization efficiency of both wheat varieties exhibited a decreasing trend from north to south, whereas the photo-thermal potential productivity showed an increasing trend from north to south. For Xinmai 26, the accumulated temperature above 0 ℃ before wintering should be controlled at approximately 600 ℃·d, with the optimal sowing period from mid-to-late October. As a spring wheat variety, Yangmai 15 should have an accumulated temperature above 0 ℃ before wintering of around 580 ℃·d, and its optimal sowing period ranged from mid-October to early November. Principal component analysis of meteorological elements at harvest and five days after harvest for Xinmai 26 and Yangmai 15 indicated no significant varietal difference in the climatic characteristics of the first principal component, which was comprehensively influenced by temperature, sunshine, and precipitation. Only slight varietal differences existed in the effects of minimum temperature and precipitation on the second principal component. Based on these findings, targeted meteorological responses and disaster prevention measures could be implemented.

Key words: wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), Xinmai 26, Yangmai 15, sowing period, harvesting period, climate resource utilization rate, Henan Province