不同春小麦品种产量、品质与氮利用效率对节水控氮栽培模式的响应差异

doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2026.03.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以甘肃省武威市4个代表性春小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）品种为材料,设置常规灌溉+常规施氮（灌水量180 mm、尿素施用量240 kg/hm²）、滴灌节水+常规施氮（灌水量120 mm,尿素施用量240 kg/hm²）、滴灌节水+控氮（灌水量120 mm,尿素施用量168 kg/hm²）3种水氮组合处理,考察了春小麦产量、品质、群体生长指标以及氮素利用效率对节水控氮栽培模式的响应差异。结果显示,水氮处理、品种及其交互作用对春小麦产量和品质影响显著（P<0.05）。滴灌节水下春小麦干物质积累量较常规灌溉显著提升,中麦895在滴灌节水+常规施氮处理下产量增幅达13.2%,为所有品种最优;控氮施肥可显著提升关键品质指标。品种对水氮组合的响应存在明显差异,强筋品种宁春50号在滴灌节水+控氮处理下品质最优,且产量稳定性良好;中筋品种中麦895在滴灌节水+常规施氮处理下表现出最佳产量-品质协调性。经Pearson相关性分析,叶面积指数、叶片SPAD值、干物质积累量与产量、品质均呈显著正相关（P<0.05）。建议根据栽培目标精准匹配品种与水氮组合,推动干旱区春小麦节水高效栽培。

关键词: 春小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）, 节水控氮管理, 品种差异, 产量, 品质, 群体生长指标, 干旱灌区

Abstract: Four representative spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars in Wuwei City, Gansu Province, were selected as experimental materials, and three water and nitrogen combination treatments were established, including conventional irrigation and conventional nitrogen application (irrigation amount of 180 mm, urea application rate of 240 kg/hm²), drip irrigation with water-saving and conventional nitrogen application (irrigation amount of 120 mm, urea application rate of 240 kg/hm²), and drip irrigation with water-saving and nitrogen-controlled application (irrigation amount of 120 mm, urea application rate of 168 kg/hm²). The response differences of yield, quality, population growth indicators, and nitrogen use efficiency of spring wheat to water-saving and nitrogen-controlled cultivation models were investigated. The results showed that water and nitrogen treatment, cultivar, and their interaction significantly affected spring wheat yield and quality (P<0.05). Compared with conventional irrigation, drip irrigation with water-saving significantly increased dry matter accumulation of spring wheat. Under the drip irrigation with water-saving and conventional nitrogen application treatment, the yield of Zhongmai 895 increased by 13.2%, representing the highest yield improvement among all cultivars. Controlled nitrogen fertilization significantly improved key quality indicators. There were significant differences in the response of varieties to water and nitrogen combinations. The strong-gluten cultivar Ningchun 50 achieved the best quality under drip irrigation with water-saving and controlled nitrogen treatment, while maintaining good yield stability. The medium-gluten cultivar Zhongmai 895 exhibited the best yield and quality coordination under the drip irrigation with water-saving and conventional nitrogen application treatment. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that leaf area index, leaf SPAD value, and dry matter accumulation were significantly positively correlated with yield and quality (P<0.05). It was recommended to precisely match cultivars with water nitrogen combinations based on cultivation objectives to promote water efficient and high productivity cultivation of spring wheat in arid regions.

Key words: spring wheat(Triticum aestivum L.), water-saving and nitrogen-controlled management, varietal differences, yield, quality, population growth indicators, arid irrigated region

中图分类号:

王林成, 徐海生, 于芮芦. 不同春小麦品种产量、品质与氮利用效率对节水控氮栽培模式的响应差异[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2026, 65(3): 12-19.

WANG Lin-cheng, XU Hai-sheng, YU Rui-lu. Response differences of yield, quality and nitrogen use efficiency of different spring wheat varieties to water-saving and nitrogen-controlled cultivation patterns[J]. HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2026, 65(3): 12-19.

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